[572] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  III, pp. 407-412.  London, 1896-1898.

[573] Pliny, Natural History, Book VI, chap. 26.

[574] Bunbury, History of Ancient Geography, Vol.  II, pp. 351, 417-418, 470, 471.  London, 1883.

[575] For full discussion of Indian Ocean, see Helmolt, History of the World, Vol.  II, pp. 580-584, 602-610.  New York, 1902-1906.  Duarte Barbosa, The Coasts of East Africa and Malabar, pp. 26-28, 41-42, 59-60, 67, 75, 79-80, 83, 166, 170, 174, 179, 184, 191-194, Hakluyt Society.  London, 1866.

[576] Pompeo Molmenti, Venice in the Middle Ages, Vol.  I, pp. 117, 121-123, 130.  Chicago, 1906.  The Commercial and Fiscal Policy of the Venetian Republic, Edinburgh Review, Vol. 200, pp. 341-344, 347. 1904.

[577] H.J.  Mackinder, Britain and the British Seas, p. 24, note.  London, 1904.

[578] Hugonis Grotii, Mare Liberum sive de jure quod Batavis competit ad Indicana commercia dissertatio, contained in his De Jure Belli et Pacis.  Hagae Comitis, 1680.

CHAPTER X

MAN’S RELATION TO THE WATER

Despite the extensive use which man makes of the water highways of the world, they remain to him highways, places for his passing and repassing, not for his abiding.  Essentially a terrestrial animal, he makes his sojourn upon the deep only temporary, even when as a fisherman he is kept upon the sea for months during the long season of the catch, or when, as whaler, year-long voyages are necessitated by the remoteness and expanse of his field of operations.  Yet even this rule has its exceptions.  The Moro Bajan are sea gypsies of the southern Philippines and the Sulu archipelago, of whom Gannett says “their home is in their boats from the cradle to the grave, and they know no art but that of fishing.”  Subsisting almost exclusively on sea food, they wander about from shore to shore, one family to a boat, in little fleets of half a dozen sail; every floating community has its own headman called the Captain Bajan, who embodies all their slender political organization.  When occasionally they abandon their rude boats for a time, they do not abandon the sea, but raise their huts on piles above the water on some shelving beach.  Like the ancient lake-dwellers of Switzerland and Italy, only in death do they acknowledge their ultimate connection with the solid land.  They never bury their dead at sea, but always on a particular island, to which the funeral cortege of rude outrigged boats moves to the music of the paddle’s dip.[579]

[Sidenote:  Protection of a water frontier.]