[505] D.G.  Brinton, The American Race, p. 107.  Philadelphia, 1901.  H.H.  Bancroft, The Native Races, p. 239, footnote p. 274.  San Francisco, 1886.

[506] Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book VIII, chap.  II, 6, 7, 9.

[507] J. Scott Keltie, The Partition of Africa, p. 327.  London, 1895.  Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  III, pp. 121-122.  London, 1896-1898.

[508] Ibid., Vol.  III, pp. 121, 132-133.

[509] Ibid., Vol.  II, p. 239.

[510] Eleventh Census, Report on Alaska, p. 70.  Washington, 1893.

[511] Ibid., p. 156.  E.R.  Scidmore, Guidebook to Alaska, p. 94.  New; York, 1897.

[512] Census of the Philippine Islands, Vol.  I, pp. 556-561, 575, 581-583.  Washington, 1905.

[513] W.Z.  Ripley, Races of Europe, pp. 85-86, 99-101, map pp. 151-152.  New York, 1899.

[514] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  III, pp. 97, 106.  New York, 1896-1898.

[515] Henry Gannett, The Peoples of the Philippines, in Report of the Eighth International Geographic Congress, p. 673.  Washington, 1904.

[516] A.H.  Keane, Africa, Stanford’s Compendium, pp. 372-376, 385-388.  London, 1895.  Helmolt, History of the World, Vol.  III, pp. 402, 456-457, 462.  New York, 1902-1906.

[517] H.H.  Bancroft, The Native Races, Vol.  I, pp. 440-441; Vol.  III, pp. 325, 362.  San Francisco, 1886.  McGee and Thomas, Prehistoric North America, pp. 37-38, 78, 88-89, 95-98.  Vol.  XIX of History of North America.  Philadelphia, 1905.

[518] Grote, History of Greece, Vol.  IV, p. 22.  New York, 1857.

[519] Ibid., Vol.  II, pp. 225, 226.

[520] Census of the Philippine Islands, Vol.  II, pp. 34, 35.  Washington, 1905.

[521] Williams and Calvert, Fiji and the Fijians, pp. 81-82.  New York, 1859.

[522] Strabo, Book V, chap.  I, 7, 8.

[523] Strabo, Book IV, chap.  VI, 1, 2; Book V, chap.  I, 11.

[524] Dietrich Schaefer, Die Hansestaedte und Koenig Waldemar von Daenemark, pp. 184, 189.  Jena, 1879.

[525] W. Deecke, Italy, pp. 89-91.  London, 1904.

[526] Strabo, Book III, chap.  I, 2.

[527] Roscher, National-Oekonomik des Handels und Gewerbefleisses, p. 93, Note 1.  Stuttgart, 1899.

CHAPTER IX

OCEANS AND ENCLOSED SEAS

The water of the earth’s surface, viewed from the standpoint of anthropo-geography, is one, whether it appears as atmospheric moisture, spring, river, lake, brackish lagoon, enclosed sea-basin or open ocean.  Its universal circulation, from the falling of the dews to the vast sweep of ocean current, causes this inviolable unity.  Variations in the geographical forms of water are superficial and constantly changing; they pass into one another by almost imperceptible gradations, shift their unstable outlines at the bidding