Accident has thrown some advantages in the way of England, which, from the inferiority of her navy, she had not a right to expect.  For though she had been obliged to fly before the combined fleets, yet Rodney has twice had the fortune to fall in with detached squadrons, to which he was superior in numbers:  The first off Cape St. Vincent, where he had nearly two to one, and the other in the West Indies, where he had a majority of six ships.  Victories of this kind almost produce themselves.  They are won without honour, and suffered without disgrace; and are ascribable to the chance of meeting, not to the superiority of fighting:  For the same Admiral, under whom they were obtained, was unable, in three former engagements, to make the least impression on a fleet consisting of an equal number of ships with his own, and compounded for the events by declining the actions.[4]

To conclude:  if it may be said that Britain has numerous enemies, it likewise proves that she has given numerous offenses.  Insolence is sure to provoke hatred, whether in a nation or an individual.  That want of manners in the British Court may be seen even in its birth-days and new-years odes, which are calculated to infatuate the vulgar, and disgust the man of refinement; and her former overbearing rudeness, and insufferable injustice on the seas, have made every commercial nation her foe.  Her fleets were employed as engines of prey; and acted on the surface of the deep the character which the shark does beneath it.—­On the other hand, the Combined Powers are taking a popular part, and will render their reputation immortal, by establishing the perfect freedom of the ocean, to which all countries have a right, and are interested in accomplishing.  The sea is the world’s highway; and he who arrogates a prerogative over it transgresses the right, and justly brings on himself the chastisement of nations.

Perhaps it might be of some service to the future tranquillity of mankind, were an article were introduced into the next general peace, that no one nation should, in time of peace, exceed a certain number of ships of war.  Something of this kind seems necessary; for, according to the present fashion, half of the world will get upon the water, and there appears to be no end to the extent to which navies may be carried.  Another reason is that navies add nothing to the manners or morals of a people.  The sequestered life which attends the service, prevents the opportunities of society, and is too apt to occasion a coarseness of ideas and of language, and that more in ships of war than in the commercial employ; because in the latter they mix more with the world, and are nearer related to it.  I mention this remark as a general one, and not applied to anyone country more than to another.

Britain has now had the trial of above seven years, with an expense of nearly a hundred million pounds sterling; and every month in which she delays to conclude a peace, costs her another million sterling, over and above her ordinary expenses of government, which are a million more; so that her total monthly expense is two million pounds sterling, which is equal to the whole yearly expenses of America, all charges included.  Judge then who is best able to continue it.