that the manufacturers and traders have joined hands to advance a movement beneficial to themselves; the best thought of every class in the country has given enthusiastic support to the programme on grounds not of personal interest but of national duty.  We may therefore take it that the watchword of the Second Empire, Enrichissez-vous, will be the watchword of a self-governing Ireland.  What Parliament and the State can do to forward that aim will naturally be a subject of controversy.  To Free Traders and Tariff Reformers, alike, the power that controls the Customs’ tariff of a country controls its economic destiny.  Both would seem bound to apply the logic of their respective gospels to Ireland.  But as it is not the aim of this book to anticipate the debates of next year, but rather to explain the foundations of the Home Rule idea, we may leave that burning question for the present untouched.  Apart from it we can anticipate the trend of policy in Ireland.  The first great task of a Home Rule Parliament would be above controversy; it would be neither more nor less than a scientific exploration of the country.  No such Economic Survey has ever been made, and the results are lamentable.  There has been no mapping out of the soil areas from the point of view of Agricultural Economics, and, for the lack of such impartial information, the fundamental conflict between tillage and grazing goes on in the dark.  We know where coal is to be found in Ireland; we do not know with any assurance where it is and where it is not profitably workable.  The same is true of granite, marble, and indeed all our mineral resources.

The woollen industry flourishes in one district and fails in another, to all appearance as favourably situated; it seems capable of great expansion and yet it does not expand greatly.  What then are the conditions of success?  Here is a typical case that calls for scientific analysis.  One can pick at random a dozen such instances.  Ireland, admirably adapted to the production of meat, does not produce meat, but only the raw material of it, store cattle.  Is this state of things immutable?  Or is a remedy for it to be found, say, in a redistribution of the incidence of local taxation so as to favour well-used land as against ill-used land?  Is the decline in the area under flax to be applauded or deplored?  Can Irish-grown wool be improved up to the fineness of the Australian article?  And so on, and so on.  It is to be noted that of the statistics which we do possess many of the most important are, to say the least, involved in doubt.  The Export and Import figures are little better than volunteer estimates; there is no compulsion to accuracy.  As to the yield of crops, all that can be said is that our present information is not as bad as it used to be.  But above all we have no comprehensive notion of the condition of the people.  Whenever there has been an inquiry into wages, cost of living, or any other fundamental fact, Ireland has come in