“Among the great and known defects of Ireland,” he declared in a typical statement, “one of the most prominent features is its want of industry and of capital.  How are these wants to be supplied but by blending more closely with Ireland the industry and capital of Great Britain?”

It was a Witches’ Promise making smooth the path to damnation.  In every point in which Pitt had prophesied white the moving finger of history began, from the very day of the Union, to write black.  The injury to the whole economic tissue of Ireland was immediate, cumulative, in the end crushing.

We have at hand authoritative figures of the decline collected by various Commissions and private inquirers.  Let us note some of these as summarised by Monsignor O’Riordan in his remarkable book, “Catholicism and Progress”: 

“Again, in 1800 there were 91 woollen manufacturers in Dublin and 4938 hands employed; in 1840 there were only 12 manufacturers, and 682 hands employed; in 1880, only 3 manufacturers in Dublin and around it.  In 1800 there were 56 blanket manufacturers in Kilkenny, and 3000 hands employed; in 1840 there were 12 manufacturers and 925 hands employed.  In 1800 there were 900 hands employed on ratteens and friezes in Roscrea; in 1840 the industry had completely disappeared.  In 1800 there were 1000 flannel looms in County Wicklow; in 1840 there was not one.  In 1800 there were 2500 looms at work in Dublin for the manufacture of silk and poplin; in 1840 there were only 250.  In 1800 there were 27,000 cotton workers in Belfast and around it; in 1840 there were only 12,000.  In 1800 there were 61,075 tradesmen in Dublin for the woollen, silk, and cotton industries; in 1834 there were only 14,446, and of these 4412 were idle, showing a decrease of 51,041 in the employed.”

There was, we must add, an increase in other directions.  For instance, whereas there had been only seven bankruptcies decreed in Dublin in 1799 there were 125 in 1810.  The number of insolvent houses grew in seven years from 880 to 4719.  These figures are not random but symptomatic.  Mr Pitt had promised to blend Ireland with the capital and industry of Great Britain; he blended them as the edge of a tomahawk is blended with the spattered brains of its victim.  We have glanced at the condition of manufacture.  Lest it should be assumed that the tiller of land at least had profited by the Napoleonic Wars, with their consequent high prices, let me hasten to add that the Grey Commission, reporting in 1836, had to inform the Government that 2,385,000 persons, nearly one-third of the population, were “in great need of food.”