the river, where they strongly entrenched themselves, and sternly awaited the advance of the foe.  The royalist forces, having taken possession of Kief, pursued the fugitives.  The march of armies so vast, conducting war upon so grand a scale, excited the astonishment of all the inhabitants upon the river’s banks.  A little fortress, defended by a mere handful of men, appeared to them an object unworthy of an army sufficiently powerful to crush an empire.

But in the fortress there was perfect unity, and its commander had the soul of a lion.  In the camp of the besiegers there was neither harmony nor zeal.  Many of the princes were inimical to the king, and were jealous of his growing power.  Others were envious of Sviatoslaf, the commander-in-chief, and were willing to sacrifice their own fame that he might be humbled.  Not a few even were in sympathy with the insurgents, and were almost disposed to unite under their banners.

It was the 8th of September, 1173, when the royalist forces encircled the fortress.  Gunpowder was then unknown, and contending armies could only meet hand to hand.  For two months the siege was continued, with bloody conflicts every day.  Wintry winds swept the plains, and storms of snow whitened the fields, when, from the battlements of the fortress, the besieged saw the banners of another army approaching the arena.  They knew not whether the distant battalions were friends or foes; but it was certain that their approach would decide the strife, for each party was so exhausted as to be unable to resist any new assailants.  Soon the signals of war proclaimed that an army was approaching for the rescue of the fortress.  Shouts of exultation rose from the garrison, which fell like the knell of death upon the ears of the besiegers, freezing on the plains.  The alarm which spread through the camp was instantaneous and terrible.  The darkness of a November night soon settled down over city and plain.  With the first rays of the morning the garrison were upon the walls, when, to their surprise, they saw the whole vast army in rapid and disordered flight.  The plains around the fortress were utterly deserted and covered with the wrecks of war.  The garrison immediately rushed from behind their ramparts united with their approaching friends and pursued the fugitives.

The royalists, in their dismay, attempted to cross the river on the fragile ice.  It broke beneath the enormous weight, and thousands perished in the cold stream.  The remainder of this great host were almost to a man either slain or taken captive.  Their whole camp and baggage fell into the hands of the conquerors.  This wonderful victory, achieved by the energies of Mstislaf, has given him a name in Russian annals as one of the most renowned and brave of the princes of the empire.