This brought matters to a crisis.  The last thing the bloated debauchee wished was to enter a convent.  He was equally averse to a sober life, and dared not meet his father lest he should be placed under arrest.  He consequently made no reply, but pretending that he was to set out immediately for Copenhagen, he secured all the treasure he could lay his hands upon and fled to Germany, to the court of the Emperor Charles VI., who, it will be remembered, was his brother-in-law, having married a sister of his deceased wife.  Here he told a deplorable story of the cruelty of his father, of the persecutions to which he was exposed, and that to save his life he had been compelled to flee from Russia.

The emperor, knowing full well that the young man was an infamous profligate, was not at all disposed to incur the displeasure of Peter by apparently espousing the cause of the son against the father.  He consequently gave the miscreant such a cold reception that he found the imperial palace any thing but a pleasant place of residence, and again he set out on his vagabond travels.  The next tidings his father heard of him were that he was in Naples, spending, as ever, his substance in riotous living.  A father’s heart still yearned over the miserable young man, and compassion was blended with disappointment and indignation.  He immediately dispatched two members of his court, M. Romanzoff, captain of the royal guards, and M. Toltoi, a privy counselor, to Naples, to make a last effort to reclaim his misguided son.  They found the young man in the chateau of Saint Elme, and presented to him a letter from his father.  It was dated Spa, July 1, 1717, and contained the following words: 

“I write to you for the last time.  Toltoi and Romanzoff will make known to you my will.  If you obey me, I assure you, and I promise before God, that I will not punish you, but if you will return to me I will love you better than ever.  But if you will not return to me, I pronounce upon you, as your father, in virtue of the power I have received from God, my eternal malediction; and, as your sovereign, I assure you that I shall find means to punish you, in which I trust God will assist me.”

It required the most earnest persuasion, and even the intervention of the viceroy of Naples, to induce Alexis to return to Russia.  The miserable man had a harem of abandoned women with him, with whom he set out on his return.  They arrived in Moscow the 13th of February, 1718, and on that very day Peter had an interview with his son.  No one knows what passed in that interview.  The rumor of the arrival of Alexis spread rapidly through the city, and it was supposed that a reconciliation had taken place.  But the next morning, at the earliest dawn, the great bell of Moscow rang an alarm, the royal guards were marshaled and the privy counselors of the emperor were summoned to the Kremlin.