they saw immense practical evils existing in the government and social condition of this country, and because the same examination which showed them the evils showed also that the cause of those evils was the aristocratic principle in our government,—­the subjection of the many to the control of a comparatively few, who had an interest, or fancied they had an interest, in perpetuating those evils.  These inquirers looked still farther, and saw, that, in the present imperfect condition of human nature, nothing better than this self-preference was to be expected from a dominant few; that the interests of the many were sure to be in their eyes a secondary consideration to their own ease or emolument.  Perceiving, therefore, that we are ill-governed, and perceiving that, so long as the aristocratic principle continued predominant in our government, we could not expect to be otherwise, these persons became Radicals; and the motto of their Radicalism was, Enmity to the aristocratical principle.”

The period of Mr. Mill’s most intimate connection with “The London and Westminster Review” forms a brilliant episode in the history of journalism; and his relations, then and afterwards, with other men of letters and political writers,—­some of them as famous as Mr. Carlyle and Coleridge, Charles Buller and Sir Henry Taylor, Sir William Molesworth, Sir John Bowring, and Mr. Roebuck,—­yield tempting materials for even the most superficial biography; but we must pass them by for the present.  And here we shall content ourselves with enumerating, in the order of their publication, those lengthier writings with which he chiefly occupied his leisure during the next quarter of a century; though that work was frequently diversified by important contributions to “The Edinburgh” and “The Westminster Review,” “Fraser’s Magazine,” and other periodicals.  His first great work was “A System of Logic,” the result of many years’ previous study, which appeared in 1843.  That completed, he seems immediately to have paid chief attention to politico-economical questions.  In 1844 appeared “Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy,” which were followed, in 1848, by the “Principles of Political Economy.”  After that there was a pause of ten years, though the works that were issued during the next six years show that he had not been idle during the interval.  In 1857 were published two volumes of the “Dissertations and Discussions,” consisting solely of printed articles, the famous essay “On Liberty,” and the “Thoughts on Parliamentary Reform.”  “Considerations on Representative Government” appeared in 1861, “Utilitarianism,” in 1863, “Auguste Comte and Positivism” and the “Examination of Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy,” in 1865.  After that, besides the very welcome “Inaugural Address” at St. Andrew’s in 1867, his only work of importance was “The Subjection of Women,” published in 1869.  A fitting conclusion to his more serious literary labors appeared also in 1869 in his annotated edition of his father’s “Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind.”