([Greek:  k].) Rodrigo, Archbishop of Toledo, “History of the Arabs from Christian and Arabic Sources, carried down to 1140.”  He died in 1245.  The work is full of irrelevant references to Scripture and to profane history.  He does not even mention the Christian martyrdoms in the ninth century. 
    Sidenote:  Schott, “Hisp.  Illustr.,” i. pp. 121-246

([Greek:  l].) Annales Bertiniani, from the French point of view. 
    Sidenote:  Florez, x. 570-579.

([Greek:  m].) Johannes Vasaeus, “Hispaniae Chronicon.” 
    Sidenote:  Schott, i. 700 ff.

The above writers must not be regarded as of equal value.  Some are valuable, but all are meagre to the last degree; others are nearly worthless.

Other authorities there are of a different kind—­not historians, but writers on incidental subjects, whose works throw great light on the history of the time.  Among these are—­

(a.) Elipandus, Bishop of Toledo; died 810.  Letters—­
    Sidenote:  Migne, xcvi.

  to Migetius. 
    Sidenote:  pp. 859-867.

  to Charles the Great. 
    Sidenote:  pp. 867-869.

  to Albinus (Alcuin). 
    Sidenote:  pp. 870-882.

  to Fidelis, an abbot (783). 
    Sidenote:  pp. 918,919.

(b.) Felix, Bishop of Urgel; died 816.  Confessio fidei (799). 
    Sidenote:  Migne, xcvi. pp. 882-888.

(c.) Beatus, Priest of Libana (or Astorga).  Letter to Elipandus. 
    Sidenote:  " 894-1030.

(d.) Letters of Spanish Bishops to Bishops of Gaul. 
    Sidenote:  Ibid., ci. 1321-1331.

(e.) Alcuin.  Letters—­
    Sidenote:  Ibid., c. and ci.

  Ad Felicem haereticum (793).

  Ad Elipandum.

  Ad Carolum Magnum (800), sending his work against Felix.

  Epistle XC. (800),

  Epistle CXIII. (800).

  Ad Aquilam Pontificem (800).

Books—­

  Adversus Felicis haeresin ad abbates et monachos.

  Gothiae missus (libellus), vii. books.

  Adversus Elipandum, iv. books.

  Epistola ad Leidradum et Nefridium Episcopum.

  Altera ad eosdem.

(f.) Adrian, Pope. 
    Sidenote:  Ibid., xcviii. p. 373.

  Epistola Episcopis per universam Spaniam commorantibus
  directa, maxime tamen Elipando, vel Ascarico (785).

  Ad Egilam Episcopum (in Spania) seu Johannem presbyterum
  (782). 
    Sidenote:  Ibid., p. 336.

  Ad Carolum Magnum.  Epistle lxiv.

(g.) Letter from Louis the Debonnaire to the Christians of Merida (826). 
    Sidenote:  Florez, xiii. 416.

(h.) Etdogius, priest of Cordova, and bishop-designate of Toledo. 
Died 859. 
    Sidenote:  Migne, cxv. 703-966.