[Footnote 44:  Septem ab imbribus.]

[Footnote 45:  This was in the year 1752, prior to this time the year began on the 25th of March:  and therefore September stood in the English as in the Roman kalendar.  The early Quakers, however, as we find by a minute in 1697, had then made these alterations; but when the new style was introduced, they published their reasons for having done so.]

Another alteration, which took place very generally in the language of the Quakers, was the rejection of the word saint, when they spoke either of the apostles, or of the primitive fathers.  The papal authority had canonized these.  This they considered to be an act of idolatry, and they thought they should be giving a sanction to superstition, if they continued the use of such a title, either in their speech or writings.  After this various other alterations took place according as individuals among them thought it right to expunge old expressions, and to substitute new; and these alterations were adopted by the rest, as they had an opinion of those who used them, or as they felt the propriety of doing it.  Hence new phrases came into use, different from those which were used by the world on the same occasions; and these were gradually spread, till they became incorporated into the language of the society.  Of these the following examples may suffice.

It is not usual with Quakers to use the words lucky or fortunate, in the way in which many others do.  If a Quaker had been out on a journey, and had experienced a number of fine days, he would never say that he had been lucky in his weather.  In the same manner if a Quaker had recovered from an indisposition, he would never say, in speaking of the circumstance, that he had fortunately recovered, but he would say, that he had recovered, and “that it was a favour.”  Luck, chance, or fortune, are allowed by the Quakers to have no power in the settlement of human affairs.

It is not usual with Quakers to beg ten thousand pardons, as some of the world do, for any little mistake.  A Quaker generally on such an occasion asks a persons excuse.

The Quakers never make use of the expression “christian name.”  This name is called christian by the world, because it is the name given to children in baptism, or in other words, when they are christened, or when they are initiated as christians.  But the Quakers are never baptised.  They have no belief that water-baptism can make a christian, or that it is any true mark of membership with the christian church.  Hence a man’s christian name is called by them his first name, because it is the first of the two, or of any other number of names, that may belong to him.

The Quakers, on meeting a person, never say “good morrow,” because all days are equally good.  Nor in parting with a person at night, do they say “good evening,” for a similar reason, but they make use of the expression of “farewell.”