[Footnote 111:  The affinity between the Dravidian and Ural-Altaic groups of languages has often been suggested but has met with scepticism.  Any adequate treatment of this question demands a comparison of the earliest forms known in both groups and as to this I have no pretension to speak.  But circumstances have led me to acquire at different times some practical acquaintance with Turkish and Finnish as well as a slight literary knowledge of Tamil and having these data I cannot help being struck by the general similarity shown in the structure both of words and of sentences (particularly the use of gerunds and the constructions which replace relative sentences) and by some resemblances in vocabulary.  On the other hand the pronouns and consequently the conjugation of verbs show remarkable differences.  But the curious Brahui language, which is classed as Dravidian, has negative forms in which pa is inserted into the verb, as in Yakut Turkish, e.g.  Yakut bis-pa-ppin, I do not cut; Brahui khan-pa-ra, I do not see.  The plural of nouns in Brahui uses the suffixes k and t which are found in the Finnish group and in Hungarian.]

[Footnote 112:  See the legend in the Sat.  Brah.  I. 4. 1. 14 ff.]

[Footnote 113:  This much seems sure but whereas European scholars were till recently agreed that he died about 487 B.C. it is now suggested that 543 may be nearer the true date.  See Vincent Smith in Oxford History of India, 1920, p. 48.]

[Footnote 114:  Pali Takkasila.  Greek Taxila.  It was near the modern Rawal Pindi and is frequently mentioned in the Jatakas as an ancient and well-known place.]

[Footnote 115:  Most of them are known by the title of Satakarni.]

[Footnote 116:  But perhaps not in language.  Recent research makes it probable that the Kushans or Yueeh-chih used an Iranian idiom.]

[Footnote 117:  Fleet and Franke consider that Kanishka preceded the two Kadphises and began to reign about 58 B.C.]

[Footnote 118:  He appears to have been defeated in these regions by the Chinese general Pan-Chao about 90 A.D. but to have been more successful about fifteen years later.]

[Footnote 119:  Or Hephthalites.  The original name seems to have been something like Haptal.]

[Footnote 120:  Strabo XV. 4. 73.]

[Footnote 121:  Hist.  Nat.  VI. 23. (26).]

[Footnote 122:  For authorities see Vincent Smith, Early History of India, 1908, p. 401.]

[Footnote 123:  The inscriptions of Asoka mention four kingdoms, Pandya, Keralaputra, Cola and Satiyaputra.]

[Footnote 124:  Hinduism is often used as a name for the mediaeval and modern religion of India, and Brahmanism for the older pre-Buddhist religion.  But one word is needed as a general designation for Indian religion and Hinduism seems the better of the two for this purpose.]

[Footnote 125:  Excluding Burma the last Census gives over 300,000.  These are partly inhabitants of frontier districts, which are Indian only in the political sense, and partly foreigners residing in India.]