Transmigration of Souls, pp. 111 ff.  Recently Professor McTaggart has argued in favour of the doctrine with great lucidity and persuasiveness.  Huxley too did not think it absurd.  See his Romanes Lecture, Evolution and Ethics, Collected Essays, vol.  IX. p. 61.  As Deussen observes, Kant’s argument which bases immortality on the realization of the moral law, attainable only by an infinite process of approximation, points to transmigration rather than immortality in the usual sense.]

[Footnote 40:  The chemical elements are hardly an exception.  Apparently they have no beginning and no end but there is reason to suspect that they have both.]

[Footnote 41:  I know well-authenticated cases of Burmese and Indians thinking that the soul of a dead child had passed into an animal.]

[Footnote 42:  Or again, when I wake up in the morning I am conscious of my identity because innumerable circumstances remind me of the previous day.  But if I wake up suddenly in the night with a toothache which leaves room for no thought or feeling except the feeling of pain, is the fact that I experience the pain in any way lessened if for the moment I do not know who or where I am?]

[Footnote 43:  I believe that a French savant, Colonel Rochas, has investigated in a scientific spirit cases in which hypnotized subjects profess to remember their former births and found that these recollections are as clear and coherent as any revelations about another world which have been made by Mrs Piper or other mediums.  But I have not been able to obtain any of Col.  Rochas’s writings.]

[Footnote 44:  I use the word soul merely for simplicity, but Buddhists and others might demur to this phraseology.]

[Footnote 45:  But for a contrary view see Reincarnation, the Hope of the World by Irving S. Cooper.  Even the Brihad Aran.  Upan. (IV. 4. 3. 4) speaks of new births as new and more beautiful shapes which the soul fashions for itself as a goldsmith works a piece of gold.]

[Footnote 46:  The increase of the human population of this planet does not seem to me a serious argument against the doctrine of rebirth for animals, and the denizens of other worlds may be supplying an increasing number of souls competent to live as human beings.]

[Footnote 47:  Perhaps Russians in this as in many other matters think somewhat differently from other Europeans.]

[Footnote 48:  Varieties of Religious Experience, p. 427.  The chapter contains many striking instances of these experiences, collected mostly in the west.]

[Footnote 49:  Compare St Teresa’s Orison of Union, W. James, l.c. p. 408.]

[Footnote 50:  Indian devotees understand how either Siva or Krishna is all in all, and thus too St Teresa understood the mystery of the Trinity.  See W. James, l.c. p. 411.]

[Footnote 51:  Turiya or caturtha.]

[Footnote 52:  Indians were well aware even in early times that such a state might be regarded as equivalent to annihilation.  Br.  Ar.  Up.  II. 4. 13; Chand.  Up.  VIII. ii. 1.]