Chun T’i’s festival is celebrated on the sixth day of the third moon.  He is generally shown with eight hands and three faces, one of the latter being that of a pig.

CHAPTER XIV

How the Monkey Became a God

The Hsi Yu Chi

In dealing with the gods of China we noticed the monkey among them.  Why and in what manner he attained to that exalted rank is set forth in detail in the Hsi yu chi [33]—­a work the contents of which have become woven into the fabric of Chinese legendary lore and are known and loved by every intelligent native.  Its pages are filled with ghosts, demons, and fairies, good and bad, but “it contains no more than the average Chinese really believes to exist, and his belief in such manifestations is so firm that from the cradle to the grave he lives and moves and has his being in reference to them.”  Its characters are said to be allegorical, though it may be doubted whether these implications may rightly be read into the Chinese text.  Thus: 

Hsuean (or Yuean) Chuang, or T’ang Seng, is the pilgrim of the Hsi yu chi, who symbolizes conscience, to which all actions are brought for trial.  The priestly garment of Hsuean Chuang symbolizes the good work of the rectified human nature.  It is held to be a great protection to the new heart from the myriads of evil beings which surround it, seeking its destruction.

Sun Hou-tzu, the Monkey Fairy, represents human nature, which is prone to all evil.  His unreasonable vagaries moved Hsuean Chuang to compel him to wear a Head-splitting Helmet which would contract upon his head in moments of waywardness.  The agonizing pressure thus caused would bring him to his senses, irrespective of his distance from his master.

The iron wand of Sun Hou-tzu is said to represent the use that can be made of doctrine.  It was useful for all purposes, great or small.  By a word it could be made invisible, and by a word it could become long enough to span the distance between Heaven and earth.

Chu Pa-chieh, the Pig Fairy, with his muck-rake, stands for the coarser passions, which are constantly at war with the conscience in their endeavours to cast off all restraint.

Sha Ho-shang, Priest Sha, is a good representation of Mr Faithful in The Pilgrim’s Progress.  In the Hsi yu chi he stands for the human character, which is naturally weak and which needs constant encouragement.

Legend of Sun Hou-tzu

The deeds of this marvellous creature, the hero of the Hsi yu chi, are to be met with continually in Chinese popular literature, and they are very much alive in the popular mind.  In certain parts a regular worship is offered to him, and in many temples representations of or legends concerning him are to be seen or heard.