of division, whilst the amount of flesh bases, the principal stimulating agents, is correspondingly reduced.”  Concerning added albumin and meat fibre, A.H.  Allen, in “Commercial Organic Analysis,” vol. iv., writes:  “The amount of these constituents present in such a quantity of meat extract as is usually, or could be, taken at a time, is too insignificant to give it any appreciable value as nutriment.”  Notwithstanding such statements by analysts and others, Bovril is advertised to contain “the entire nourishment of prime ox-beef.”  The great extent of the extract of meat trade is shown by a circular issued by the Lemco and Oxo Company.  They give the number of their cattle killed since 1865 as 5,550,000; stock of cattle 160,000; employees in works, farms and branches, 3,200.  This is only one out of many such companies.  It is a sad thing that myriads of animals should be slaughtered with all the horrible and brutalising surroundings of the slaughter-house to such a purpose—­the nutritious matter being nearly all wasted.  Reliance on these extracts is responsible for much sickness and death.  Instead of their preventing colds, influenza, and other complaints as is professed, they predispose to them by overloading the body with waste products, taxing the excretory organs and reducing the vitality.  The following analyses of meat extracts are by Otto Hehner:—­

Gela- Albu- Meat
Water.  Fat. tin. min.  Fibre.

Liebig Co.’s Extractum Carnis 15.26 0.34 5.18 —­ 2.12
Armour’s Extract of Meat 15.97 0.21 3.31 —­ —­
Brand & Co.’s Extractum Carnis 17.85 0.38 4.56 —­ 1.81
Brand & Co.’s Meat Juice 55.48 0.10 0.69 1.00 —­
Brand & Co.’s Essence of Beef 89.68 0.06 5.12 —­ —­
Valentine’s Meat juice 55.53 0.10 0.75 0.25 —­
Bovril Company’s Fluid Beef 28.34 1.02 3.81 —­ 5.37
Bovril for Invalids 24.34 1.07 4.56 —­ 5.87

Albu- Pep- Meat
moses. tones.  Bases.  Ash. 
Liebig Co.’s Extractum Carnis 2.01 8.06 39.32 23.51
Armour’s Extract of Meat 1.75 5.13 41.12 29.36
Brand & Co.’s Extractum Carnis 4.19 10.16 38.90 18.80
Brand & Co.’s Meat Juice 1.06 2.50 12.50 11.06
Brand & Co.’s Essence of Beef 0.19 0.57 3.43 1.00
Valentine’s Meat juice 2.00 2.87 12.48 12.01
Bovril Company’s Fluid Beef 8.38 13.18 19.38 17.67
Bovril for Invalids 5.56 6.44 34.07 16.50

Some of the “Liebig’s Extract of Meat” so called, contains yeast extract; some even, is almost entirely, if not altogether made from yeast.  The latter can be manufactured at a very low cost from brewers’ and distillers’ waste products, and there is a strong incentive for unscrupulous dealers to substitute it secretly.  Artificial meat extracts prepared from yeast have the appearance and taste of meat extracts, but some, at least, have a considerably