Fat has a higher food value than the carbo-hydrates, as 4.1 :  9.3 = 2.27 or 4.0 :  89 = 2.225, according to whether the old or new factors are used.  In the table of analyses 2.225 was used.  The standard dietary for a woman, or of a boy 14 to 16 years of age, is given as equivalent to eight-tenths that of a man; a child of 10 to 13 six-tenths; of 2 to 5 four-tenths.  A man doing hard work requires one-tenth more.  The following table gives three standard dietaries, and a few actual ones, in grammes per day.  The food of persons in easy circumstances, and of working men in the receipt of good wages, approximate to the standard dietaries, except that the fat is higher and the carbo-hydrates proportionately less.  This is due to an abundance of animal food.  It was thought unnecessary to give them in detail:—­

                                                 Pr’t.  Fat.  C’rb.  Cal.  N.R. 
Hutchison:  Man, moderate muscular work 125 50 500 3027 4.9 Atwater:  " " " " 125 ... ... 3400 6.2 Voit:  " " " " 118 56 500 2965 5.5 Atwater:  Woman, light to moderate muscular work,
  or Man without muscular exercise 90 ... ... 2450 6.1
Football teams, Connecticut and California, U.S. 226 354 634 6590 6.6 Russian peasants 129 33 589 3165 5.4 Negro families—­Alabama and Virginia 86 145 440 3395 9.3 Labourers-Lombardy (diet, mostly vegetable) 82 40 362 2192 5.5 Japanese, on vegetable diet (a) 71 12 396 2026 6.0 Trappist monk, in Cloisters-vegetable diet 68 11 469 2304 7.3 Java village—­Columbia Exposition, 1893 66 19 254 1450 4.7 Sewing girl-London (3/9 per week) 53 33 316 1820 7.3 German vegetarians 54 22 573 2775 11.6 German labourers’ family (poor circumstances) 52 32 287 1640 7.2 Dr. T.R.A.—­wheatmeal bread and water only (b) 82 8.5 470 2342 6.0 Man—­3 years’ exclusively vegetable diet (c) 54 22 557 2710 11.2 Thomas Wood, the miller of Billericay (d) 55 5.7 313 1560 6.0

Dr. Alexander Haig considers that 88 grammes of proteid is required by a man leading a decidedly active life.

NOTES.—­(a) The Japanese are of small stature and weight.

(b) One of a series of experiments by A.W.  Blyth, 1888. 1-1/2 lbs. of wheatmeal per day was required for equilibrium; sedentary occupation, with a daily walk of six miles.