[Illustration: 

  Aunt Hannah, the Quaker preacher. 
  From A daguerreotype.]

In July, 1848, the first Woman’s Rights Convention had been held in Seneca Falls and adjourned to meet in Rochester August 2.  Miss Anthony’s father, mother and sister Mary had attended and signed the declaration demanding equal rights for women, and she found them enthusiastic upon this subject and also over Mrs. Stanton, Lucretia Mott and other prominent women who had taken part.  Her cousin, Sarah Anthony Burtis, had acted as secretary of the convention.

In 1849 Mrs. Mott published her admirable Discourse on Woman in answer to a lyceum lecture by Richard H. Dana ridiculing the idea of civil and political rights for women.  In 1847 Frederick Douglass had brought his family to Rochester and established his paper, the North Star.  As soon as Miss Anthony reached home she was taken by her father to call on Douglass, and this was the beginning of another friendship which was to last a lifetime.

The year 1849 saw the whole country in a state of great unrest and excitement.  Eighty thousand men had gone to California in search of gold.  Telegraphs and railroads were being rapidly constructed, thus bringing widely separated localities into close communication.  The unsettled condition of Europe and the famine in Ireland had turned toward America that tremendous tide of immigration which this year had risen to 300,000.  The admission of Texas into the Union had precipitated the full force of the slavery question.  Old parties were disintegrating and sectional lines becoming closely drawn.  New territories were knocking at the door of the Union and the whole nation was in a ferment as to whether they should be slave or free.  Threats of secession were heard in both the North and the South.  A spirit of compromise finally prevailed and deferred the crisis for a decade, but the agitation and unrest continued to increase.  The Abolitionists were still a handful of radicals, repudiated alike by the Free Soil Whigs and Free Soil Democrats.  Slavery, as an institution, had not yet become a political issue, but only its extension into the territories.

Such, in brief, was the situation at the beginning of 1850.  It was a period of grave apprehension on the part of older men and women, of intense aggressiveness with the younger, who were eager for action.  It is not surprising then that an educated, self-reliant, public-spirited woman who had just reached thirty should chafe against the narrow limits of a school-room and rebel at giving her time and strength to the teaching of children, when all her mind and heart were drawn toward the great issues then filling the press and the platform and even finding their way into the pulpit.  Miss Anthony’s whole soul soon became absorbed in the thought, “What service can I render humanity; what can I do to help right the wrongs of society?”