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IN A PITTSBURG FACTORY

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CHAPTER II

IN A PITTSBURG FACTORY

In choosing the scene for my first experiences, I decided upon Pittsburg, as being an industrial centre whose character was determined by its working population.  It exceeds all other cities of the country in the variety and extent of its manufacturing products.  Of its 321,616 inhabitants, 100,000 are labouring men employed in the mills.  Add to these the great number of women and girls who work in the factories and clothing shops, and the character of the place becomes apparent at a glance.  There is, moreover, another reason which guided me toward this Middle West town without its like.  This land which we are accustomed to call democratic, is in reality composed of a multitude of kingdoms whose despots are the employers—­the multi-millionaire patrons—­and whose serfs are the labouring men and women.  The rulers are invested with an authority and a power not unlike those possessed by the early barons, the feudal lords, the Lorenzo de Medicis, the Cheops; but with this difference, that whereas Pharaoh by his unique will controlled a thousand slaves, the steel magnate uses, for his own ends also, thousands of separate wills.  It was a submissive throng who built the pyramids.  The mills which produce half the steel the world requires are run by a collection of individuals.  Civilization has undergone a change.  The multitudes once worked for one; now each man works for himself first and for a master secondarily.  In our new society where tradition plays no part, where the useful is paramount, where business asserts itself over art and beauty, where material needs are the first to be satisfied, and where the country’s unclaimed riches are our chief incentive to effort, it is not uninteresting to find an analogy with the society in Italy which produced the Renaissance.  Diametrically opposed in their ideals, they have a common spirit.  In Italy the rebirth was of the love of art, and of classic forms, the desire to embellish—­all that was inspired by culture of the beautiful; the Renaissance in America is the rebirth of man’s originality in the invention of the useful, the virgin power of man’s wits as quickened in the crude struggle for life.  Florence is par excellence the place where we can study the Italian Renaissance; Pittsburg appealed to me as a most favourable spot to watch the American Renaissance, the enlivening of energies which give value to a man devoid of education, energies which in their daily exercise with experience generate a new force, a force that makes our country what it is, industrially and economically.  So it was toward Pittsburg that I first directed my steps, but before leaving New York I assumed my disguise.  In the Parisian clothes I am accustomed to wear I present