Now concerning this unknown class whose oppression we deplore we have two sources of information:  the financiers who, for their own material advancement, use the labourer as a means, and the philanthropists who consider the poor as objects of charity, to be treated sentimentally, or as economic cases to be studied theoretically.  It is not by economics nor by the distribution of bread alone that we can find a solution for the social problem.  More important for the happiness of man is the hope we cherish of eventually bringing about a reign of justice and equality upon earth.

It is evident that, in order to render practical aid to this class, we must live among them, understand their needs, acquaint ourselves with their desires, their hopes, their aspirations, their fears.  We must discover and adopt their point of view, put ourselves in their surroundings, assume their burdens, unite with them in their daily effort.  In this way alone, and not by forcing upon them a preconceived ideal, can we do them real good, can we help them to find a moral, spiritual, esthetic standard suited to their condition of life.  Such an undertaking is impossible for most.  Sure of its utility, inspired by its practical importance, I determined to make the sacrifice it entailed and to learn by experience and observation what these could teach.  I set out to surmount physical fatigue and revulsion, to place my intellect and sympathy in contact as a medium between the working girl who wants help and the more fortunately situated who wish to help her.  In the papers which follow I have endeavoured to give a faithful picture of things as they exist, both in and out of the factory, and to suggest remedies that occurred to me as practical.  My desire is to act as a mouthpiece for the woman labourer.  I assumed her mode of existence with the hope that I might put into words her cry for help.  It has been my purpose to find out what her capacity is for suffering and for joy as compared with ours; what tastes she has, what ambitions, what the equipment of woman is as compared to that of man:  her equipment as determined,

    1st.  By nature,
     2d.  By family life,
     3d.  By social laws;

what her strength is and what her weaknesses are as compared with the woman of leisure; and finally, to discern the tendencies of a new society as manifested by its working girls.

After many weeks spent among them as one of them I have come away convinced that no earnest effort for their betterment is fruitless.  I am hopeful that my faithful descriptions will perhaps suggest, to the hearts of those who read, some ways of rendering personal and general help to that class who, through the sordidness and squalour of their material surroundings, the limitation of their opportunities, are condemned to slow death—­mental, moral, physical death!  If into their prison’s midst, after the reading of these lines, a single death pardon should be carried, my work shall not have been in vain.