The white South laughed,—­it was infinitely funny—­the “niggers” who had gone North to escape slavery and lynching had met the fury of the mob which they had fled.  Delegations rushed North from Mississippi and Texas, with suspicious timeliness and with great-hearted offers to take these workers back to a lesser hell.  The man from Greensville, Mississippi, who wanted a thousand got six, because, after all, the end was not so simple.

No, the end was not simple.  On the contrary, the problem raised by East St. Louis was curiously complex.  The ordinary American, tired of the persistence of “the Negro problem,” sees only another anti-Negro mob and wonders, not when we shall settle this problem, but when we shall be well rid of it.  The student of social things sees another mile-post in the triumphant march of union labor; he is sorry that blood and rapine should mark its march,—­but, what will you?  War is life!

Despite these smug reasonings the bare facts were these:  East St. Louis, a great industrial center, lost 5,000 laborers,—­good, honest, hard-working laborers.  It was not the criminals, either black or white, who were driven from East St. Louis.  They are still there.  They will stay there.  But half the honest black laborers were gone.  The crippled ranks of industrial organization in the mid-Mississippi Valley cannot be recruited from Ellis Island, because in Europe men are dead and maimed, and restoration, when restoration comes, will raise a European demand for labor such as this age has never seen.  The vision of industrial supremacy has come to the giants who lead American industry and finance.  But it can never be realized unless the laborers are here to do the work,—­the skilled laborers, the common laborers, the willing laborers, the well-paid laborers.  The present forces, organized however cunningly, are not large enough to do what America wants; but there is another group of laborers, 12,000,000 strong, the natural heirs, by every logic of justice, to the fruits of America’s industrial advance.  They will be used simply because they must be used,—­but their using means East St. Louis!

Eastward from St. Louis lie great centers, like Chicago, Indianapolis, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburg, Philadelphia, and New York; in every one of these and in lesser centers there is not only the industrial unrest of war and revolutionized work, but there is the call for workers, the coming of black folk, and the deliberate effort to divert the thoughts of men, and particularly of workingmen, into channels of race hatred against blacks.  In every one of these centers what happened in East St. Louis has been attempted, with more or less success.  Yet the American Negroes stand today as the greatest strategic group in the world.  Their services are indispensable, their temper and character are fine, and their souls have seen a vision more beautiful than any other mass of workers.  They may win back culture to the world if their strength can be used with the forces of the world that make for justice and not against the hidden hates that fight for barbarism.  For fight they must and fight they will!