[84] The Mission of the Holy Ghost—­at La Pointe, on the isle Wauga-ba-me—­(winding view) in the beautiful bay of Cha-quam-egon —­was founded by the Jesuits about the year 1660.  Father Rene Menard was probably the first priest at this point.  After he was lost in the wilderness, Father Glaude Allouez permanently established the mission in 1665.  The famous Father Marquette, who took Allouez’s place, Sept. 13, 1669, writing to his superior, thus describes the Dakotas:  “The Nadouessi are the Iroquois of this country, beyond La Pointe, but less faithless, and never attack till attacked. Their language is entirely different from the Huron and Algonquin.  They have many villages but are widely scattered.  They have very extraordinary customs.  They principally use the calumet.  They do not speak at great feasts, and when a stranger arrives give him to eat of a wooden fork, as we would a child.  All the lake tribes make war on them, but with small success.  They have false oats (wild rice,) use little canoes, and keep their word strictly.” Neill’s Hist.  Minn., p.  III.

[85] Michabo or Manni-bozo—­the Good Spirit of the Algonkins.  In autumn, in the moon of the falling leaf, ere he composes himself to his winter’s sleep, he fills his great pipe and takes a god-like smoke.  The balmy clouds from his pipe float over the hills and woodland, filling the air with the haze of “Indian Summer.” Brinton’s Myths of the New World, p. 163.

[86] Pronounced Kah-thah-gah—­literally, the place of waves and foam.  This was the principal village of the Isantee band of Dakotas two hundred years ago, and was located at the Falls of St. Anthony, which the Dakotas called the Ha-ha,—­pronounced Rhah-rhah,—­the loud-laughing waters.  The Dakotas believed that the Falls were in the center of the earth.  Here dwelt the Great Unktehee, the creator of the earth and man:  and from this place a path led to the Spirit-land.  DuLuth undoubtedly visited Kathaga in the year 1679.  In his “Memoir” (Archives of the Ministry of the Marine) addressed to Seignelay, 1685, he says:  “On the 2nd of July, 1679, I had the honor to plant his Majesty’s arms in the great village of the Nadouecioux called Izatys, where never had a Frenchman been, etc.” Izatys is here used not as the name of the village, but as the name of the band—­the Isantees. Nadouecioux was a name given the Dakotas generally by the early French traders and the Ojibways.  See Shea’s Hennepin’s Description of Louisiana, pp. 203 and 375.  The villages of the Dakotas were not permanent towns.  They were hardly more than camping grounds, occupied at intervals and for longer or shorter periods, as suited the convenience of the hunters; yet there were certain places, like Mille Lacs, the Falls of St. Anthony, Kapoza (near St. Paul), Remnica (where the city of Red Wing now stands), and Keuxa (or Keoza) on the site of the city of Winona, so frequently occupied by several of the bands as to be considered their chief villages respectively.