Sir, I can perceive, by their manner, that some gentlemen object to the latitude of this description, because in the southern colonies the Church of England forms a large body, and has a regular establishment.  It is certainly true.  There is, however, a circumstance attending these colonies, which, in my opinion, fully counterbalances this difference, and makes the spirit of liberty still more high and haughty than in those to the northward.  It is, that in Virginia and the Carolinas they have a vast multitude of slaves.  Where this is the case in any part of the world, those who are free are by far the most proud and jealous of their freedom.  Freedom is to them not only an enjoyment, but a kind of rank and privilege.  Not seeing there, that freedom, as in countries where it is a common blessing, and as broad and general as the air, may be united with much abject toil, with great misery, with all the exterior of servitude, liberty looks, amongst them, like something that is more noble and liberal.  I do not mean, Sir, to commend the superior morality of this sentiment, which has at least as much pride as virtue in it; but I cannot alter the nature of man.  The fact is so; and these people of the southern colonies are much more strongly, and with an higher and more stubborn spirit, attached to liberty, than those to the northward.  Such were all the ancient commonwealths; such were our Gothic ancestors; such in our days were the Poles; and such will be all masters of slaves, who are not slaves themselves.  In such a people, the haughtiness of domination combines with the spirit of freedom, fortifies it, and renders it invincible.

Permit me, Sir, to add another circumstance in our colonies, which contributes no mean part towards the growth and effect of this untractable spirit:  I mean their education.  In no country, perhaps, in the world is the law so general a study.  The profession itself is numerous and powerful, and in most provinces it takes the lead.  The greater number of the deputies sent to the Congress were lawyers.  But all who read, and most do read, endeavor to obtain some smattering in that science.  I have been told by an eminent bookseller, that in no branch of his business, after tracts of popular devotion, were so many books as those on the law exported to the plantations.  The colonists have now fallen into the way of printing them for their own use.  I hear that they have sold nearly as many of Blackstone’s “Commentaries” in America as in England.  General Gage marks out this disposition very particularly in a letter on your table.  He states, that all the people in his government are lawyers, or smatterers in law,—­and that in Boston they have been enabled, by successful chicane, wholly to evade many parts of one of your capital penal constitutions.  The smartness of debate will say, that this knowledge ought to teach them more clearly the rights of legislature, their obligations to obedience, and the penalties