But his unbiased opinion, his mature judgment, his enlightened conscience, he ought not to sacrifice to you, to any man, or to any set of men living.  These he does not derive from your pleasure,—­no, nor from the law and the Constitution.  They are a trust from Providence, for the abuse of which he is deeply answerable.  Your representative owes you, not his industry only, but his judgment; and he betrays, instead of serving you, if he sacrifices it to your opinion.

My worthy colleague says, his will ought to be subservient to yours.  If that be all, the thing is innocent.  If government were a matter of will upon any side, yours, without question, ought to be superior.  But government and legislation are matters of reason and judgment, and not of inclination; and what sort of reason is that in which the determination precedes the discussion, in which one set of men deliberate and another decide, and where those who form the conclusion are perhaps three hundred miles distant from those who hear the arguments?

To deliver an opinion is the right of all men; that of constituents is a weighty and respectable opinion, which a representative ought always to rejoice to hear, and which he ought always most seriously to consider.  But authoritative instructions, mandates issued, which the member is bound blindly and implicitly to obey, to vote, and to argue for, though contrary to the clearest conviction of his judgment and conscience,—­these are things utterly unknown to the laws of this land, and which arise from a fundamental mistake of the whole order and tenor of our Constitution.

Parliament is not a congress of ambassadors from different and hostile interests, which interests each must maintain, as an agent and advocate, against other agents and advocates; but Parliament is a deliberative assembly of one nation, with one interest, that of the whole—­where not local purposes, not local prejudices, ought to guide, but the general good, resulting from the general reason of the whole.  You choose a member, indeed; but when you have chosen him, he is not member of Bristol, but he is a member of Parliament.  If the local constituent should have an interest or should form an hasty opinion evidently opposite to the real good of the rest of the community, the member for that place ought to be as far as any other from any endeavor to give it effect.  I beg pardon for saying so much on this subject; I have been unwillingly drawn into it; but I shall ever use a respectful frankness of communication with you.  Your faithful friend, your devoted servant, I shall be to the end of my life:  a flatterer you do not wish for.  On this point of instructions, however, I think it scarcely possible we ever can have any sort of difference.  Perhaps I may give you too much, rather than too little trouble.