[9] Marginal reference:  “Wisdom, 7.”

[10] Marginal reference:  “Romans, 10”—­evidently to the seventeenth verse of that chapter, “Faith then cometh by hearing; and hearing by the word of Christ.”  All citations from the Holy Bible, and references thereto, made in the translations for this work, are taken from the standard editions of the English Douay Bible.

[11] Marginal references:  “Psalms, 18,” and “Hebrews, 4.”

[12] Marginal reference:  “John, 9.”

[13] Marginal reference:  “I Timothy, 2.”

[14] These were Fathers Gregorio Baroncini, Fabricio Cersali, Tomas de Villanueva, Diego Laurencio, Pedro de Segura, and Angel Armano; and the brother coadjutors Francisco Simon, Martin Sanchez, and Diego Zarzuela.—­Pablo Pastells, S.J.

[15] This was the “Santo Thomas;” a full account of its voyage, and of its wreck at the Catanduanes Islands, is given by La Concepcion (Hist. de Philipinas, iii, pp. 428-435).  He says that at the Ladrones Ribera found the survivors of the ship “Santa Margarita,” which had been wrecked there only a month before; of these he ransomed four, promising to send from Manila for the others, later.  He mentions, as a part of the cargo, “horses, sheep, goats, and cats.”  At the end of this account, he states the pressing need of better ships for the long and stormy voyage to Nueva Espana.

[16] Marginal reference:  “Psalms, 77; Zacharias, 9.”

[17] A punishment by which the culprit was strangled with an iron collar.

[18] La Concepcion gives (Hist. de Philipinas, iii, pp. 409-411) a summary of the proceedings of this council.  They appointed a committee to provide a vernacular translation of the catechism (of which the Christian doctrine had already been rendered into the Visayan tongue), in harmony with the Tagal translation of that book.  They also appointed a representative to go to Manila and confer with the Audiencia on various matters concerning the royal jurisdiction—­especially regarding the proposal to enact statutes suppressing polygamy among the natives.  In the council complaints were made by the ecclesiastics against the encomenderos, that they treated the Indians with injustice; in return, the encomenderos attacked the priests, and the bishop was obliged to interfere between them to quell the dissensions, reproving the encomenderos.

[19] Spanish, angelitos; a play upon words, apparently alluding to the gold coin known as angelot (from the figure of an angel thereon), used in the Low Countries in the sixteenth century.  A similar name (angelet) was given to one of the coins struck by English rulers of France in the period 1150-1460.

[20] A delicate and refreshing fruit, the Carica papaya; sometimes called “papaw,” but is not the same as the papaw of North America (Asimina).  Crawfurd regards it, however (Dict.  Ind.  Islands, p. 327) as having been introduced in the Philippines by the Spaniards, from tropical America.  See descriptions of the papaya in Delgado’s Historia, pp. 520, 521; Blanco’s Flora, pp. 553, 554; and U.S.  Philippine Commission’s Report, 1900, iii, p. 280.