Descent to the Gumbur the same.  Pyrus pomum appears, Carandas, Anatherum muricatum, Briedleioides common.  Along the Gumbur river, Pyrus, Adhatoda, Mimosa, Dalbergia sissoo, Myrtaceae, Euphorbia, etc. continue as before.

Between Nalighur and the commencement of the descent to the Gumbur, and especially between the Sursa and that descent, the chief vegetation is tropical grasses, such as Andropogons.  Along the Gumbur, the hills are well covered with tall bushes.  Carandas common, but little if any grass.

Fossil shells are found along the Gumbur.  Of birds Pica vagans, Haematornis, and several Sylviae were observed.

About Sahi, young Pinus longifolia; all around, the hills are of the same aspect.  No fish were seen in the Gumbur, although I crossed it several times.  The view of the plains shows the commencement of the great chain stretching out in low, very much undulated hillocks, precisely as in Khorassan.

29th.—­Proceeded from Syree to Konyar:  this I think the longest of the marches to Loodianah, and is nothing but one series of ascents and descents chiefly along the Gumbur ravine:  at the foot of ascent to the Konyar, the road crosses a considerable stream, and nearly at the summit of the ascent, branches off to Soobathoo.

Konyar is a rather large village, well ornamented with trees, in rather a fine sort of valley, every inch of which is cultivated.  The tank adjacent to the village is well stocked with Nelumbium.

To Syree, the distance is eight and a half to nine miles.  The road crosses the Konyar village and valley, then ascends to the south-east, and continues ascending gradually by an excellent road for a considerable way, then it skirts a ridge and comes on the grand Soobathoo road.  From this a short but steep ascent, followed by a descent of a mile and a quarter, conducts you to the bungalow.

No change occurs in the vegetation.  The hills are more grassy and more bare of trees, especially near Syree, but this is partly owing to cultivation.  The principal woody feature is Euphorbia antiquorum.

The plants before noticed occur throughout, except about Syree, where scarcely a shrub is to be seen, nothing but burnt up grasses.

At Sahi, Roylea appears, also an odd-looking Modeeca and a Deeringia.  Near these is also an Asplenium, Echites.  At Konyar, Prinsepia appears, and continues becoming more and more frequent up to Syree.  Towards this place V. reniformis is seen, not a single northern grass, although Syree must be nearly 5,000 feet high.

At Sahi, Pinus longifolia, Phoenix, Salix, and Polygonum of Chugur-Serai; this is common as far as Konyar.  Acacia, Carandas, Urtica nivea.  Rice cultivated.

About three miles beyond it, there is a beautiful ravine with dense jungle and fine trees, chiefly Laurinea, and I think a Rhus; this is the only spot I have seen reminding me of the Himalaya to the eastward.