Mulberry, Salix angustifolia, or willow, and Buckein, were seen at Attock.  The scenery is not however bold, but on the contrary very poor compared with the defiles of the Irrawadi.  The hills are low, rounded, and present no precipices of striking dimensions.  An old fort situated near the junction of the rivers is a handsome looking building, but completely commanded.  A large Serai or place for travellers is situated near it to the north.  The water of the Indus is muddy, but presents nothing remarkable in temperature.  The analogous points between the Indus and Irrawadi consist in defiles and the want of branches for a long way above their mouths.  Jackdaws were the first old acquaintances I met with on entering Peshawur; and the common kite, the Affghan one not having the same thrilling cry that the Indian one has; grey partridges are found about Nowshera; as also Kuchaloo or Yams.

19th.—­Proceeded over the plain to Chuch and Khot-bha, winding along the Attock hill round to the fort, and passing the Serai, and another smaller one in ruins near the plains, thence over level ground to within two miles of Bhowli, where conspicuous trees were observed, otherwise the plain is rather barren, a few Bheirs and some Phoenix only occurring about villages on hills.  The vegetation is the same.  Chuch plain, where not cultivated, is covered with short coarse grasses, Andropogoneae.  Among these a large-leaved Salvia occurs.  The forms presented by the vegetation are however very little diversified.  Mudar, a small-fruited Kochia, like that of Jallalabad; Boerhaavia very common.

Cultivation is conducted in Bheir fences, and consists of Indian-corn, Bajra, and cotton.

From the Attock hills, the Indus is seen much divided by beds of sand, and churs or islands covered with a large purple Saccharum.  Peganum continues to Attock and even extends beyond.

Water plants of Chuch, Trapa, Valisneria verticillata, and Nymphaea.

Shumshbad.—­This town lies to the left of the road, one mile in the rear of my encampment.

The spines of Barleria are evidently axillary, as is seen in young branches, probably they represent the lower pair of leaves of the lateral branches, the terminal parts of which have a tendency to develop.

The spines of Mimosa belong evidently to the same exertion as the leaf; they are connate at the base, and from the centre of this hardened part, arises the leaf; they may be either the lower pinnae, or they may be spurious stipulae.  The leaves developed within the true ones belong to an ill-developed branch.  True stipulae are leaves with a distinct origin.  Spurious stipulae belong to their leaves, as is evident from their not having a distinct origin.

20th.—­Hussun Abdul.  Until we came near the Boorhan valley, the road passed over a high, dry, sandy plain, with no cultivation, and no water, then the descent took place through picturesque raviny ground with a few isolated mounds, to a fine clear stream.  The remaining part extended either along the cultivation of the Boorhan valley, or through similar raviny ground.  Two streams were passed, the last is the Hussun Abdul river.