The limit of the Baloot may be taken at 4,000 feet, but in sheltered ravines it descends lower.

Euonymus Moamunna, Periplocea, scarcely extend above 4,000 feet, neither do the spirescent Astragali, these are succeeded by two or three espinous species, one the same as the Astragalus stipulis magnis of the river towards Pironi.  Amygdalus ranges between 3,500 and 7,000 feet, the pretty Cerasus does not extend above 4,000 feet.  There appears to be another Amygdalus above.

The chief vegetation of the mountain below 6,000 feet appears to be a tufted coarse Andropogoneous grass, and in such situations as this occupies, little soil is to be found; the Baloot, and Zaitoon, are confined to sheltered places.  Above they occur indiscriminately on all faces, but Zaitoon is rare at such elevations; few birds were observed, the most common about Bharawul are an Emberizoid and a Certhia?  Muscicapa flammea was seen at 7,000 feet in pine forests with several Sittae:  in these forests and about Bharawul, only one Garrulus was heard, and few woodpigeons were seen.  The Picus is still common, Myophorus now extends up to Bharawul.  Parus caeruleus still continues.  Another female Nemorrhaedus is brought in with young:  the breeding time probably takes place two months later.  The Merula before found below, now occurs in flocks about Bharawul.

According to the natives there is only about twenty days difference in the seasons of cutting wheat and barley; this is probably not true, yet it is borne out by the Tulip, Cytisus and Hyacinth.

The village has been founded five years since, and contains 180 souls.  The burial ground contains sixteen graves, which will give the annual percentage of mortality.  At Otipore the mortality is said to be great.  Whence do these people get their curious grey eyes, and light hair?

Daphne extends to Bharawul.

14th.—­The kingcrow is now in here, also Columba, and Lanius; this last has an unceasing jarring chirp, it has however considerable powers of voice.

Sitta feeds on seeds as well as on insects, but the structure of its stomach is insectivorous.

The female Monaul died yesterday.  I heard some of these birds in the pine forests of Bharawul, their voice being very loud and grating; the female was a good tempered bird, capable of attachment, when caressed its notes were pleasing.

15th.—­The Hoopoe seen; another fish brought in to-day, the usual mountainous form, but with a very rough nose.

The Edolius is here the earliest and the latest daily bird.  I observed several to-day on a tree making a great noise with their harsh chirp, at each chirp the tail was for the instant jerked out like a fan.

17th.—­A single parrot seen flying overhead.

19th.—­What is the bodily strength of man to that of insects!  I have just been watching an ant dragging the body of a hornet, many times larger than itself, up a door with the greatest ease; so much so, that after dragging it up three feet, it came down to alter its position, carrying it up a second time by its wing:  the ant was of a large species.