The vegetation of the summit presents no change from that of the rocks and hill sides 1,500 feet below.  There is a good deal of vegetation, Carduaceae, Statices, Astragali, a few tufted grasses forming the great bulk, Nakhood rare on the Kurzar side, 500 feet down, Statice becomes most abundant, it is curious that on the sward of this side, neither Fumariaceae, nor Campanula were observed, Silene fimbriata one species.

Caragana all about, even at Kurzar in ravines; Primula abundant, also Swertiae, generally all four plants are found at the Hajeeguk snow ravine, and may be found between this and Erak, with some interesting novelties.  The distance to Bamean by both routes is within two miles of the same, the Kulloo-Rood being the shorter, but Hajeeguk the best road.  That of the Kulloo river is followed to Zohawk.  The weather unsettled with showers of hail, clouds and sunshine:  and heavy gusts of wind occasionally from Kohi-Baba, whose eastern extremity comes in sight after entering the Kurzar ravine.  No view from the summit of the pass.

[Pass between Erak and Kurzar:  m408.jpg]

Pedicularis, Campanula, Rubiaceae, Hippuris in flower, Phleum, Carduacea of Yonutt, Cnicus of Koti-Ashruf, Pulmonaria, corolla tubiform.  Euphorbia linearifolia, Composita dislocata, Cardamina lutea.

10th.—­Proceeded to the Helmund, thirteen and a half miles; the only novelty met with is a curious spring about half-way between Siah-Sung halting place, and the Helmund consisting of limpid water emitting a copious ebullition of gas, not water, as the overflow is very small; a copious deposition of fine red earth is formed all round, which looks especially bright in the springs themselves.  The water possesses a peculiar acid taste.

Quails abundant, especially about this place, the water of the Helmund is very clear and affords excellent fishing with worms which are greedily taken, and also with the fly, particularly towards evening, by a species of Gonorhynchus.

11th.—­Returned to the foot of the ascent of the Oonnoo, nine miles:  nothing new having been met with, except that Kohi-Baba is seen to great advantage, from the higher ridges of this pass.  On going to Bamean we saw it for the first time from the ridges beyond Yonutt, badly from the first, but beautifully from the second ridge.  The weather continues as usual threatening in the evening, clearing up after sunset:  there is less snow on Kohi-Baba now than when we went.

12th.—­Proceeded to Sir-i-Chushme, eight miles, which was one continued descent.  Passed Killa Moostaffur Khan, built by a Kuzzilbash; it is the prettiest fort in the country.  The common Carduacea disappears below 9,500 feet, Cnicus of Koti-Ashruf commences here.

Temperature of the spring at Sir-i-Chushme, 55 degrees (1.5 P.M.); that at Kallo, on the other side of Hajeeguk, 45 degrees.

All crops are cut, and the ground ploughed or preparing; in one place the young wheat is springing up; but the country generally looks very brown, and the hills small.  Abundance of black teal.  Plectranthus reappears at the foot of Oonnoo, Verbascum rare, if any, on the Tartary side of the Hindoo-koosh.  Abundance of Loaches or Balitora in the streamlets arising from the springs.