10th.—­Halted yesterday, and went out along the banks of the Turnuk:  where I found twenty-six species not obtained before.  Some cultivation was observed, but as usual weedy, abounding with two species of Centaurea.  In ditches two species of Epilobium, Sparganium, Mentha, Polygonum natans, Ranunculus aquaticus, Lotus, Carex, Astragaloid on swards, on the sandy moist banks of the Turnuk:  Epilobium, two Veronicae, several Cyperaceae, 2 or 3 Junci, Cyperus fuscus.  Alisma abundant in swamps:  small partridges:  no chakor:  hares, swifts, rock-pigeons.  Springs of beautiful clear water:  temperature not changeable, 59 degrees; two small platiceroid fishes in it; tadpoles.  Temperature of the river 78 degrees.  The fish of this river are the same as those of the Arghandab, the large Cyprinus takes Cicada greedily.  The vegetation of the hills is the same:  Cerasus pygmaeus and canus, common; the novelties were a fine Composita, Plectranthus, Ephedra in fruit, Artemisia, and Astragal., formed the chief bulk; Joussa is common on the river sides.

This place is 150 feet above the last, yet the increased elevation is not appreciable to the sight:  the tents of the army at the Tazee encampment are distinctly visible. Atta sold, at eight seers yesterday, barley sixteen seers for the rupee.  Where the sellers come from I know not. Atta was fifteen seers, but it was soon made eight by the approach of the army, and to-day it has risen to four and a half.

11th.—­Proceeded to Chushm-i-Shadee, ten miles six furlongs, direction the same:  road good, not requiring any repairs; it continues up the valley but at a greater distance from the river than before; the valley is enclosed in hills on both sides.  Koh-i-Soork, the northern one, is not very high, but bold and cliffy, with very little cultivation:  the country is less undulated.  Chushm-i-Shadee is a beautiful spring, not deep, but extending some distance under ground; large-sized fish are found in it:  apparently Ophiocephali, but only parts of their bodies can be seen.  Indian-corn and madder are cultivated:  a new Asteraceous flower was found.  Passed a small eminence in the centre of the valley, about three miles from Chushm-i-Shadee. Joussa very abundant.  Temperature of spring 59 degrees.

12th.—­Reached Chushm-i-Pinjup, six and a half miles, direction more northerly; keeping Capella a little to the right:  the country is precisely the same, the road good, one or two easy ravines; one with water in it.

The valley is rather wider, soil much less shingly, and capable of cultivation; several patches of trees are visible in many directions, indicating villages.  We encamped opposite the entrance or gap between the mountains forming hitherto the southern boundary, and a more lofty range is seen running parallel with them, about east and west.  This range is of considerable height; presenting a peculiar slope