and another tree of which I could make nothing, it being out of flower and leaf.  Compositae were the prevailing vegetation; but of these, only the remains were found, which were very fragrant.  A large thorny Leguminous shrub out of leaf, etc. looking much like a Rosa, Equisetoides, etc.; of mosses, Weissia Templetonii, and Tortula, so that in these there is very little variety; the debris of one Hepatica occurred.

At the foot of the mountains, the only place out of the valley where any vegetation is to be found, Asphodelus, radicibus luteis, foliis triangularibus, a fine plant coming into flower, Cytisus, Caragana, Narcissus?  Cruciferae, among them a small Draba, Cerasus pygmaeus, Peganum, Salsoloid of Mumzil, Trichonema, Myosotis, Gentiana of Chiltera, Buddlaea, Carex; indeed the vegetation is precisely the same as at Chiltera.  The only novelty was Bardana in flower, and it proves to be a cruciferous plant of large size.

On the stony slopes, a shrubby spinous Centauroid, foliis pinnatifidis glaucis, Cytisus, Caragana, Asphodelus and Cheiranthus are the prevailing plants.  No Santonica is found about here.

A new Iris occurs in abundance:  near this in wettish parts of the valley a Vicia, Muscari, Hyacinthus and others as before.  The chief cultivation is wheat, irrigated in plots:  the soil when saturated with water, forming a clayish, adhesive, finely pulverulent mass, which cakes on drying.  A watermill for flour, having a horizontal wheel acted on by the stream as in Bootan occurs; the grain drops in from a pyramidal cone fixed over the two horizontal stones, in the upper of which there is a hole.  The apparatus is very rude.

The height attained by me on the eastern ridge being about 8,300 feet; that of the 2nd range, will be 9,300 feet at least, and the height of the peak or highest ridge, cannot be less than 11,000 feet.

30th.—­Continue to halt.  There is a good deal of cultivation about this place, but the crops will not be ripe before August:  it is principally wheat; munjit is also cultivated on trenched ground:  the young sprouts have a good salad-like flavour.  The Suddozye Lora runs through the valley, about two miles from the town:  it is a small stream, crowded here and there with bulrushes, sedges, etc.  Towards its banks there is a good deal of Santonica, but elsewhere there is no good fodder, and wherever this is the case the camels eat Iris, and destroy themselves.  The valley is sprinkled over with villages and orchards, and is picturesque enough.  In one spot, where water runs over the surface, it is delightfully green and velvety, covered with short grass and trefoil, Carex, etc.

In cornfields in this direction, Berberidea ranunculiflora is very common, Muscari, Hyacinthus, Taraxacum, Plantago.  Of animals the Jerboa, sent to Macleod by Mr. Mackenzie, of the Artillery, several specimens having been caught here:  presenting affinities obviously with the hare, and analogies with the Kangaroo.  Macleod has just given me, from his namesake of the 3rd Cavalry, a tadpole-like animal, very similar to one from the Khasiya Hills.  I fear it is a tadpole, but I keep the specimen lest it should be a Lepidosiren.