The same Artemisioid is also the chief plant on all the hills:  it is mixed, but in small quantities with Cerasus pygmaeus, Equisetoid, Caragana, and one or two shrubby Labiatae; and also especially above, with a curious Astragaloid looking plant.  The herbaceous plants are numerous, consisting of very fragrant Umbelliferae, bursting into leaf; tulips, Fritillarioides, Trichostema, Erodium, Iris, Thalictrum, Senecio, Boragineae 2, Gilenacea, several tufted Gramineae, Berberideae, Ranunculoides, Myosotis, Anemone cracea, Asphodeloid, Mesembryanthoids; of mosses Tortula, Grimmia.

22nd.—­Proceeded to Sinab, a distance of fifteen and three quarter miles, up two valleys, no ascents.  These valleys are elevated towards the mountains and generally depressed in the centre:  in some they stretch out a long way from the mountain to which they may be imagined to belong.  The mountains seen from a distance jutting out from perhaps the centre of a plain, look curious.  The vegetation is generally Artemisioid, and very fragrant:  the first valley in its depressed portions was covered with a Salsoloid looking plant, to the exclusion of Compositae, but these last recurred in the higher parts.

With the Compositae, swarms of small Cruciferae occur; that with purple flowers and pinnatisect leaves being the most common.  Very rugged hills are visible to the north-east and north of our route, presenting a very different appearance from the usual aspect:  they are steep to the east, and present inclined slopes to the west.

Sunday, 24th.—­Halted this day.  Little new occurs in the valley, except a few trees out of leaf and flower, which, though trees here, yet the species are not so elsewhere.  At this place are the heads of the river of Pisheen, which appear to arise more artificially than naturally from Kahreezes, or wells dug in a rude way, and communicating by subterranean channels; those nearest the natural outlet of the water being the shallowest.  The vegetation is the same; there is a little cultivation, but nothing to indicate any descent.  The amount of population is not great; and the hills to the west are covered with snow.  The chief vegetation is Santonica.  In cornfields Fumariaceae, Adonis, Cruciferae, Pulmonaria, Arenaria, Hordei sp., Tulipa lutea, and Hyacinthus? may be found.

The vegetation of the plains, inclusive of Santonica, consists generally of three or four small Cruciferae, Tulipa lutea.

I went to the west towards the snow, and found in the river here an aquatic Ranunculus, foliis omnibus immersis, floribus albis, Chara is common; gravelly slopes commence some distance from hills, covered with Santonica, Astragaloid spinosus, Leguminosae, a spinous Statice, Cytisus argenteis, Composita floribunda carnosa.