is more cultivated, but as dreary looking as imaginable.  Phoenix becoming more frequent and finer, P. acaulis? likewise occurs occasionally, rather young Khujoors.  We passed Khyrpore about 3 P.M., it seems a straggling place, stretching along the bank of the Sutledge; there are a great many Khujoor trees about it, and indeed about all the villages near it.  A little below this large tract, the banks were covered with a thick Sofaida shrubby jungle, which looked at a distance like dwarf Sissoo.  The country is much improved, and there is a great deal of cultivation, especially on the left bank.

20th.—­Continued—­the river is very winding, and its banks present the same features:  the immediate ones being covered with short Jhow or grass, or both intermixed, the extreme ones well wooded, and well peopled. Khujoor very common.  Yesterday near Khanpore, caught a glimpse of the descent, and to-day again the ground appears uneven, and almost entirely barren.  It must be within a mile of the Sutledge.  The left bank continues well cultivated.  In some of the fields I noticed Medicago vera, Anagallis, Fumaria, Chenopodium cnicoideus, Prenanthoid, the Furas, larger Babool, and Calotropis Hamiltonii continue.  Radishes very common, as also Teera Meera.

21st.—­Halted about 8 coss from Bahawulpore.  The Khan’s son, a boy of 8 years, came to see Mr. Macnaghten, and saluted him with “good night,” he was attended by about twelve indifferent pony suwars, or horsemen.  The river is very tortuous, both banks a good deal cultivated; there appear to be a good many canals, which have high banks owing to the excavated soil being piled up:  they are 8 or 10 feet deep, and about 20 feet wide, at this season they are nearly dry, becoming filled during the rains.  The same plants continue—­Furas, Jhow, Chenopodia 2, Reseda, Linaria, Malva, Boraginea, Lactucoidea.  The wheat throughout these countries is sown broadcast.  Irrigation is effected by means of small ditches, and squares formed in the fields—­each partition being banked in, so as to prevent communication; when one is filled, the water is allowed to pass off into its neighbour, and so on.  Irrigation is entirely effected by Persian wheels; the cattle are hoodwinked in order to keep them quiet:  besides from not seeing, they are led to imagine that the driver is always at his post, which is immediately behind the oxen and on the curved flat timber which puts the whole apparatus in motion.  Saw a man cross the river by means of a mushuk or inflated skin.  The very common bushy plant with thorns and ligulate leaves which commences to appear about Hazaribagh and continues in abundance throughout the sandy north-west, is, judging from its fruit, which is a moniliform legume—­a Papilionacea; the fruit are borne by the short spine-terminated branches:  the stalk of the pod is surrounded for the most part by a cupuliform membranous calyx.  I have only seen however withered specimens.  Reached Bahawul ghat at 1 P.M.  The Khan visited Mr. Macnaghten in the afternoon, his visit was preceded by one from his Hindoo minister, and another man, Imaam Shah, who is a very fat ruffianly-looking fellow.  The Khan was attended by numerous suwarries; he is a portly looking, middle-aged man.