The valley is surrounded on all sides by hills of great altitude, the lowest being 10,500 feet high.  Snow is plentiful on the ridges, but it does not remain long below, although falls are frequent.  No fish are to be seen in the river, which is otherwise as regards appearance as beautiful a trout stream as one could wish to have.  The birds are the common sparrow, field-fare, red-legged crow, magpie, skylark, a finch which flies about in large flocks, with a sub-forked tail, raven, red-tailed stonechat, larger tomtit, syras, long-tailed duck, and quail, which is much larger than that found in Assam.  The woods are composed entirely of Abies pendula, a few A. spinulosa occur, intermixed, but the woods of the latter species are scarcely found below 9,500 feet.  The ridges are clothed with the columnar Abies densa.  In thickets a smaller Rosa, Rhododendron ellipticum, foliis basi cordatis, Rhododendron elliptica, foliis subtus argenteis, Rhodod. gemmis viscosis.  Berberis asiatica, Hamamelidea?  Bambusa microphyllum, Philadelphus, Thibaudia orbicularis, Mespilus microphyllus, Taxus or Abies Brunonis, Ilex dipyrena, occur.  The sward shews small grasses, all past flower, Hemiphragma, Thymus, Dipsacus, Juncus niveus, Gnaphalia 2, 3, Potentilla.

The fields have Crucifera Lamium and Verbascum, a late biennial species, Caule simplici, Hemiphragma.

The marshy spots abound with Juncus effusus, and shew also a Primula out of flower, and a Xyris past flowering.

Along the bed of the river, Hippophae is the most common plant.  Lastly, a few trees occur of Q. ilecifolia, which assumes a very handsome character, looking much like a Conifera at some distance, one group occurs near the village, and a solitary tree or two elsewhere.  The other woody vegetables are Rosa fructibus hispidis, Cycnium, Pomacea arbuscula, and one or two other deciduous shrubs.  The willow tree is also common.

March 1st.—­Marched to Byagur, we were told that the march was a short one, and that we should continue throughout along the Bhoomlungtung river, which is called Tung-chiew.  We did keep along this for about two miles, when we struck off into the hills passing through a village, we continued rising for perhaps 1,000 feet, when we descended to a small nullah.  Leaving this we commenced an ascent, and a very long one too, and continued to ascend until we surmounted the ridge overlooking the river, on which Byagur or Iugur is situated.  To the place we descended, the march was fourteen miles, direction westerly.  Highest ground traversed about 9,500 feet high.  Road throughout winding round and up hills, through woods of Abies pendula:  nothing of interest occurred.  Magpies, crows, chatterer feeding on pine cones, common in woods at 9,000 feet.  Passed two or three villages, all containing ruined houses.  Direction we pursued was that of the Tung-chiew river, until we reached the ridge guiding the Byagur river to it:  their junction takes place two or three miles below this place, Cycnium occurred on the road in plenty, also Sarcococea.