At the raised Marine Fossil Beach, a queer Cephalanthus?  Legumenosa arbuscula fol. pinnatis impari (Pongamiae) Legumenibus secus suturam quamque alatis, Mangifera indici, Anthistiria arundinacea are found, and an arbusculous Mimosa, but unarmed.  Shortly above this, Holcus, Andropogons, etc., begin to preponderate, and thence the vegetation is nearly that of Churra.  The woods of Mamloo consist of Bucklandia, oaks, chesnuts, Panax, Hyalostemma, Eurya, and Oleineoe; Epiphytes are very common.  The most remarkable tree is one foliis alternis bistipulat; corymbis denis, Calycibus hinc fissis, petalis 5-albis, Antherae sinuosae columna terminans, et ovarium et stigma occultantes? fructibus pendulis stipilatis ovato oblongis, carpellis 5-latere marginatus.

This has some affinities apparently with Sterculiaceae; the flowers are perhaps polygamous.

Here Cypripedium insigne, Venustum, and various other fine Orchideae may be found.

The only bird I saw was a Bucco, which in voice resembled the green one of the plains.

The elevation of Mamloo is 3,153, the temperature being at 7 A.M. 63 degrees.  The large metal thermometer rose at the boiling point to 206.25 degrees:  wooden one to 206.5 degrees:  centigrade 96.7 degrees:  small metal 200 degrees.

One of the most curious places about Churra is situated over the ridge in which the coal is found; on surmounting this, which is steep and perhaps 400 feet high, one soon commences to descend gradually until you come to a water-course; on proceeding along this a short way you come to a precipice.  The water falling over this, has cut a deep well in the limestone:  the road to the bottom is precipitous and dangerous.  On reaching the water-course again no signs of the well are observable, access to this is gained by subterranean passages, of which two, now dry, exist.  The scene inside is very striking; you stand on the rugged bottom of the well which is 70 or 80 feet deep, the part above corresponding to the fall, being of about the same depth; the water now escapes through a chasm below the bed of the well, the other fissures or passages being above, and probably now rarely letting off the water.  After a severe fall of rain the scene must be grand.

November 4th.—­Nonkreem 6.5 A.M., thermometer 31 degrees:  hoarfrost.  Marched hither from Surureem.  Vegetation the same until you reach the Boga Panee, when Delphinium, Anemone, and Ranunculus make their appearance.  On the high ridges before reaching Boga Panee, found an Astragalus; at Nonkreem, a Scrophularia.  Nonkreem is a curious place, the village of no great size in a valley:  the sides of the valley are covered with boulders; those at the entrance from Churra of huge size, and thrown together with great confusion.  Pines at this place occur of some size, but they are distinctly limited in this direction to the granitic formation.  The downs have now assumed a withered wintry appearance.