was inventor of the mailing machine used in nearly every newspaper office on the continent.  Alexander Morton, (1820-60), the perfector if not the inventor of gold pens, was born in Darvel, Ayrshire.  James Oliver, born in Roxburgh, Scotland, in 1823, made several important discoveries in connection with casting and moulding iron, was the inventor of the Oliver chilled plow, and founder of the Oliver Chilled Plow Works, South Bend, Indiana.  The business established by him is now carried on in several cities from Rochester, New York State, to San Francisco, and south to Dallas, Texas.  William Chisholm, born in Lochgelly, Fifeshire, in 1825, demonstrated the practicability of making screws from Bessemer steel, organized the Union Steel Company of Cleveland, (1871), and devised several new methods and machinery for manufacturing steel shovels, scoops, etc.  His brother, Henry, was the first to introduce steel-making into Cleveland, and might justly be called “The Father of Cleveland.”  Andrew Campbell (1821-90) was the inventor of many improvements in printing machinery, and of a long series of devices comprising labor-saving machinery relating to hat manufacture, steam-engines, machinists’ tools, lithographic and printing machinery, and electrical appliances.  William Ezra Ferguson (b. 1832), merchant and inventor of the means of conveying grain on steam shipments without shifting, was of Scottish ancestry.  Alexander Davidson (b. 1832) made many inventions in connection with the typewriter, one of the most important being the scale regarding the value of the letters of the alphabet.  As an inventor he was of the front rank.  Andrew Smith Hallidie (b. 1836), son of a native of Dunfermline, was the inventor of steel-wire rope making and also the inventor of the “Hallidie ropeway,” which led up to the introduction of cable railroads.  James Lyall (1836-1901), born in Auchterarder, invented the positive-motion shuttle (1868) which revolutionized the manufacture of cotton goods.  He also invented fabrics for pneumatic tyres and fire-hose.  James P. Lee, born in Roxburghshire in 1837, was inventor of the Lee magazine gun which was adopted by the United States Navy in 1895.  His first weapon was a breech-loading rifle which was adopted by the United States Government during the Civil War.  Later he organized the Lee Arms Company of Connecticut.  The production of the telephone as a practical and now universally employed method of “annihilating time and space” in the articulate intercourse of the human race will forever be associated with the name of Alexander Graham Bell, born in Edinburgh in 1847.  By its means he has promoted commerce, created new industries, and has bridged continents, all the result of “sheer hard thinking aided by unbounded genius.”  To Dr. Graham Bell we are also indebted for the photophone, for the inductoin balance, the telephone probe, and the gramophone.  During the war he designed a “submarine chaser” capable of traveling