His course was now onward and upward to wealth.  At first his ships merely sailed between Philadelphia and the port to which they were originally destined; but at length he was enabled to do more than this.  Loading one of his ships with grain, he would send it to Bordeaux, where the proceeds of her cargo would be invested in wine and fruit.  These she would take to St. Petersburg and exchange for hemp and iron, which were sold at Amsterdam for coin.  From Amsterdam she would proceed to China and India, and, purchasing a cargo of silks and teas, sail for Philadelphia, where the final purchase was sold by the owner for cash or negotiable paper.  His success was uniform, and was attributed by his brother merchants to luck.

Stephen Girard had no faith in luck.  He never trusted any thing to chance.  He was a thorough navigator, and was perfect master of the knowledge required in directing long voyages.  He understood every department of his business so well that he was always prepared to survey the field of commerce from a high stand-point.  He was familiar with the ports with which he dealt, and was always able to obtain such information concerning them as he desired, in advance of his competitors.  He trusted nothing of importance to others.  His instructions to the commanders of his ships were always full and precise.  These documents afford the best evidence of the statements I have made concerning his system, as the following will show: 

     Copy of Stephen Girard’s Letter to Mr. ——­, Commander and
     Supercargo of the ship ——­, bound to Batavia.

     Philadelphia, ——.

Sir—­I confirm my letters to you of the ——­ ult., and the ——­ inst.  Having recently heard of the decease of Mr. ——­, merchant at Batavia, also of the probable dissolution of his house, under the firm of Messrs. ——­, I have judged it prudent to request my Liverpool correspondents to consign the ship ——­, cargo, and specie on board, to Mr. ——­, merchant at Batavia, subject to your control, and have requested said Liverpool friends to make a separate invoice and bill of lading for the specie, which they will ship on my account, on board of the ship ——­, and similar documents for the merchandise, which they will ship in the same manner; therefore, I request that you will sign in conformity.

I am personally acquainted with Mr. ——­, but not with Mr. ——­, but I am on very friendly terms with some particular friends of the latter gentleman, and consequently I give him the preference.  I am sorry to observe, however, that he is alone in a country where a partner appears to me indispensable to a commercial house, as well for the safety of his own capital as for the security of the interests of those who may confide to them property, and reside in distant parts of the globe.

The foregoing reflections, together with the detention of my ship V——­,