[229] A definite law, as is shown in Recopilacion de leyes, lib. iii. tit. iv, ley xiii, charged the viceroys of Nueva Espana to send help to the Philippines.  The law is as follows:  “We charge and order the viceroys of Nueva Espana to aid the governor and captain-general of Filipinas on all occasions that arise, with very special care, promptness, and diligence, with whatever the latter shall request; and with the men, arms, ammunition, and money, that he deems necessary for the conservation of those islands, salaries [the original is sueldos, perhaps a misprint for suelos, signifying ‘provinces’ or ’districts’], presidios, and whatever else is under his charge.”  Felipe III, Aranjuez, May 25, 1607.

The two following laws impose certain restrictions on the reenforcements sent to the Philippines from Nueva Espana: 

“One of the captains who shall raise men in Nueva Espana as reenforcements for the Filipinas Islands, shall act as their agent to the port of Acapulco.  There he shall deliver them to the general, or commander of the ships about to sail; but no captain shall take passage or go to the islands with the men of his company.”  Felipe III, Zamora, February 16, 1602; lib. iii, tit. iv, ley xvi.

“Among the men sent by the viceroy, who shall go as a reenforcement from Nueva Espana to Filipinas, he shall not allow, under any circumstances, or admit, any mestizos or mulattoes, because of the annoyances that have been experienced from them.”  Felipe III, Valladolid, August 30, 1608; lib. iii, tit. iv, ley xv.

[230] See ante, note 227, the citation of the law from Recopilacion de leyes, lib. iii, tit. x, ley xiii.

[231] See Vol.  XII ("Various documents relating to commerce"), pp. 57-75.

Banuelos y Carrillo, in his relation to the king, says:  “That the inhabitants of the Manilas should be allowed to export as many boat-loads as possible of the country’s produce—­such as wax, gold, perfumes, ivory, and cotton cloth [lampotes]—­which they must buy from the natives of the country, who would thus be hindered from selling them to the Dutch.  In this way we would make those peoples friendly, and supply Nueva Espana with their merchandise; and the money taken to Manila would not leave that city....  Your Majesty should consider that one and one-half millions in gold go to China annually.”  This commerce was advantageous to the Celestial empire alone and to certain individuals of Manila.  It was fatal to Espana, and harmful to the islands, whose industry was gradually perishing like that of the metropolis.—­Rizal.

[232] See in Vol.  VIII, pp. 316-318, a royal decree enforcing these prohibitions under severe penalties.

[233] Coarse stuff made of goat’s hair, or a glossy silk stuff; probably the latter is intended in the text. Gorvoran or gorgoran is a sort of silk grogram.