[179] After many varying fortunes, this institution has wholly disappeared.—­Rizal.

[180] The Confraternity of Mercy [Hermandad de la Misericordia] was founded in 1594, by an ecclesiastic named Juan Fernandez de Leon.—­Rizal.

[181] San Juan de Dios [St. John of God].—­Rizal.

[182] Better, Maalat.  The Spaniards pronounced this later Malate.  There lived the chief Tagals after they were deprived of their houses in Manila, among whom were the families of Raja Matanda and Raja Soliman.  San Augustin says that even in his day many of the ancient nobility dwelt there, and that they where very urbane and cultured.  “The Men hold various positions in Manila, and certain occupations in some of the local public functions.  The women make excellent lace, in which they are so skilfull that the Dutch women cannot surpass them.”  This is still true of the women.—­Rizal.

[183] Now the town of Paco.—­Rizal.

[184] Recopilacion de leyes, lib. ii, tit. xv, ley xi, defines the district of the Audiencia and states certain perogatives of the governor and auditors as follows:  “In the city of Manila, in the island of Luzon, capital of the Felipinas, shall reside our royal Audiencia and Chancilleria, with a president who shall be governor and captain-general, four auditors, who shall also be alcaldes of criminal cases, one fiscal, one alguacil-mayor, one lieutenant of the grand chancillor, and the other ministers and officials necessary.  It shall have as its district the said island of Luzon, and all the rest of the Filipinas, the archipelago of China and its mainland as yet discovered and to be discovered.  We order the governor and captain-general of the said islands and provinces and president of the royal Audiencia in them, to hold personal charge in peace and war of the superior government of all the district of the said Audiencia, and to make the provisions and concessions in our royal name, which in accordance with the laws of this Recopilacion and of these kingdoms of Castilla, and with the instructions and powers that he shall get from us, he should and can make.  In things and matters of importance that arise in the government, the said president governor shall discuss them with the auditors of the said Audiencia, so that they, after consulting, may give him their opinion.  He, after hearing them, shall take what course is most advisable to the service of God and to ours, and the peace and quiet of that province and community.”  Felipe II, Aranjuez, May 5, 1583; Toledo, May 25, 1596, in ordinance of the Audiencia; Felipe IV in this Recopilacion.

[185] The original is canongias, raciones, y medias raciones, which literally refers to the office or prebend instead of the individual.  We retain the above terms as expressing the persons who held these prebends.

[186] Literaly, the original translates “in the islands of Sebu, Cagayan, and Camerines.”