[126] Subik (?).—­Rizal.

[127] Mindoro is at present [1890] so depopulated that the minister of the Colonies, in order to remedy this result of Spanish colonization, wishes to send there the worst desperadoes of the peninsula, to see if great criminals will make good colonists and farmers.  All things considered, given the condition of those who go, it is indubitable that the race that succeeds must know how to defend itself and live, so that the island may not be depopulated again.—­Rizal.

[128] Samar.  This proves contrary to the opinion of Colin, who places Tendaya in Leite.—­Rizal.

[129] Southeastern part of Samar.—­Rizal.

[130] Colin says, however, that they did tattoo the chins and about the eyes [barbas y cejas].  The same author states also that the tattooing was done little by little and not all at once.  “The children were not tattooed, but the women tattooed one hand and part of the other.  In this island of Manila the Ilocos also tattooed themselves, although not so much as did the Visayans.”  The Negritos, Igorrotes, and other independent tribes of the Filipinas still tattoo themselves.  The Christians have forgotten the practice.  The Filipinas used only the black color, thus differing from the Japanese, who employ different colors, as red and blue, and carry the art to a rare perfection.  In other islands of the Pacific, the women tattoo themselves almost as much as the men.  Dr. Wilhelm Joest’s Taetowiren Narbenzeichnen und Koerperbemahlen (Berlin, 1887) treats the matter very succinctly.—­Rizal.

[131] This is a confused statement, after what just precedes it and according to the evidence of Father Chirino (see Vol.  XII, chapter vii).  Morga must mean that they wore no cloak or covering when they went outside the house, as did the Tagals (both men and women), who used a kind of cape.—­Rizal. [This is the sense in which Stanley understood and translated this passage.]

[132] Gubat, grove, field, in Tagal. Mangubat [so printed in the text of Rizal’s edition] signifies in Tagal “to go hunting, or to the wood,” or even “to fight.”—­Rizal.

[133] “At the arrival of the Spaniards at this island (Panay)” says San Agustin, “it was said to have more than 50,000 families.  But they decreased greatly ... and at present it has about 14,000 tributarios—­6,000 apportioned to the crown, and 8,000 to individual encomenderos.”  They had many gold-mines, and obtained gold by washing the sand in the Panay River; “but instigated by the outrages received from the alcaldes-mayor,” says the same historian, “they have ceased to dig it, preferring to live in poverty than to endure such troubles.”—­Rizal.

[134] This entire paragraph is omitted in the Rizal edition.  In the original it is as follows: 

La Lengua de todos, los Pintados y Bicayas, es vna mesma, por do se entienden, hablando y escriuiendo, en letras y caratores que tienen particulares, que semejan a los Arabigos, y su comun escribir entre los naturales, es en hojas de arboles, y en canas, sobre la corteza; que en todas las islas ay muchas, de disforme grueso los canutos, y el pie es vn arbol muy grueso y macico.