[48] Bahag “a richly dyed cloth, generally edged with gold” among the chiefs.—­Rizal.

[49] “They wrapped it in different ways, now in the Moro style, like a turban without the top part, now twisted and turned in the manner of the crown of a hat.  Those who esteemed themselves valiant let the ends of the cloth, elaborately embroidered, fall down the back to the buttocks.  In the color of the cloth, they showed their chieftaincy, and the device of their undertakings and prowess.  No one was allowed to use the red potong until he had killed at least one man.  And in order to wear them edged with certain edgings, which were regarded as a crown, they must have killed seven men” (Colin).  Even now any Indian is seen to wear the balindang in the manner of the putong. Putong signifies in Tagal, “to crown” or “to wrap anything around the head.”—­Rizal.

[50] This is the reading of the original (cera hilada).  It seems more probable that this should read “spun silk,” and that Morga’s amanuensis misunderstood seda ("silk”) as cera ("wax"), or else it is a misprint.

[51] “They also have strings of bits of ivory” (Colin).—­Rizal.

[52] “The last complement of the gala dress was, in the manner of our sashes, a richly dyed shawl crossed at the shoulder and fastened under the arm” (even today the men wear the lambong or mourning garment in this manner) “which was very usual with them.  The Bisayans, in place of this, wore robes or loose garments, well made and collarless, reaching to the instep, and embroidered in colors.  All their costume, in fact, was in the Moorish manner, and was truly elegant and rich; and even today they consider it so” (Colin).—­Rizal.

[53] This manner of headdress, and the long robe of the Visayans, have an analogy with the Japanese coiffure and kimono.—­Rizal.

[54] Baro.—­Rizal.

[55] A tree (Entada purseta) which grows in most of the provinces of the Philippines.  It contains a sort of filament, from which is extracted a soapy foam, which is much used for washing clothes.  This foam is also used to precipitate the gold in the sand of rivers.  Rizal says the most common use is that described above.

[56] This custon still exists.—­Rizal.

[57] This custom exists also among the married women of Japan, as a sign of their chastity.  It is now falling into disuse.—­Rizal.

[58] The Filipinos were careful not to bathe at the hour of the siesta, after eating, during the first two days of a cold, when they have the herpes, and some women during the period of menstruation.—­Rizal.

[59] This work, although not laborious, is generally performed now by the men, while the women do only the actual cleaning of the rice.—­Rizal.

[60] This custom is still to be seen in some parts.—­Rizal.