[18] This should be six hundred and four.—­Rizal.

[19] Nueva Espana.—­Rizal.

[20] This archbishop seems to have been a principal cause of the disturbance and massacre of the Chinese, by taking a leading part in exciting suspicion against them.—­Stanley.

[21] The Arab travelers of the ninth century mention that eunuchs were employed in China, especially for the collection of the revenue, and that they were called thoucam.—­Stanley.

[22] “In earlier times a barrier, which ran from Osaka to the border of Yamato and Omi, separated the thirty-three western from the thirty-three eastern provinces.  The former were collectively entitled Kuwansei (pronounce Kanse), i.e., westward of the Gate; the latter Kuwanto (pronounce Kanto), i.e., eastward of the Gate.  Later, however, when under the Tokugawa regime the passes leading to the plain in which Yedo, the new capital of Shogune, grew up were carefully guarded; by the Gate (Kuwan) was understood the great guard on the Hakone Pass, and Kuwanto or Kuwanto-Hashiu, the eight provinces east of it:  Sagami, Musashi, Kotsuke, Shimotsuke, Hitachi, Shimosa, Katsusa, and Awa.”  Thus defined by Rein, in his Japan, p.  II, Cf.  Griffis, Mikado’s Empire, p. 68, note.

[23] A flat-bottomed boat, capable of carrying heavy loads.

[24] Pedro Alvares de Abreu.—­Rizal.

[25] According to Argensola, who gives a succinct relation of this expedition, the number engaged in it were as follows:  Spaniards and their officers, 1,423; Pampangos and Tagals (without their chiefs), 344; idem, for maritime and military service, 620; rowers, 649; Indian chiefs, 5; total 3,041.  But he adds that all those of the fleet, exclusive of the general’s household and followers, numbered 3,095.  Probably the 54 lacking in the above number were the Portuguese under command of Abreu and Camelo, although Argensola does not mention Portuguese soldiers....  The names of the Indian chiefs attending the expedition at their own cost were:  Don Guillermo (Palaot), master-of-camp; and Captains Don Francisco Palaot, Don Juan Lit, Don Luis Lont, and Don Agustin Lont.  These must have behaved exceedingly well, for after the assault on Ternate, Argensola says:  “Not a person of consideration among the Spaniards or the Indians remained unwounded.”—­Rizal.

[26] Said Dini Baraka ja.—­Rizal.

[27] Combes (Mindanao, Retana’s ed., cols. 73, 74) describes the bagacay as a small, slender reed, hardened in fire and sharp-pointed; it is hurled by a Moro at an enemy with unerring skill, and sometimes five are discharged in one volley.  He narrates surprising instances of the efficacy of this weapon, and says that “there is none more cruel, at close range.”

[28] Stanley translates this “flat-boats.”  Retana and Pastells (Combes’s Mindanao, col. 787) derive this word from Chinese chun, “a boat,” and regard the joanga (juanga) as a small junk.