[13] Argensola says that the Chinese killed many peaceful merchants in the parian, while others hanged themselves of their own accord.  Among these Argensola mentions General Hontay and the rich Chican—­according to the relation of Fray Juan Pobre, because the latter had refused to place the famous Eng-Kang at the head of the movement.—­Rizal.

[14] “And they tried to persuade the natives to unite with them; but the latter refused, and on the contrary killed as many of the Sangleys as they caught” (Argensola).—­Rizal.

[15] Argensola says that “four thousand Pampangos, armed in the custom of their country, with bows and arrows, half-pikes, shields, and long broad daggers,” were sent by the alcalde of Pampanga to the relief of Manila, which now needed soldiers.—­Rizal.

[16] In this struggle many cruelties were committed and many quiet and friendly Chinese killed.  Don Pedro de Acuna, who could not prevent or stifle this terrible insurrection in its beginnings, also contributed to the horrible butcheries that ensued.  “Accordingly many Spaniards and natives went to hunt the disbanded Sangleys, at Don Pedro’s order.”  Hernando de Avalos, alcalde of La Pampanga, seized more than 400 pacific Sangleys, “and leading them to an estuary, manacled two and two, delivered them to certain Japanese, who killed them.  Father Fray Diego de Guevara of the order of St. Augustine, prior of Manila, who made this relation, preached to the Sangleys first, but only five abandoned their idolatry.” ...  Would he not have done better to preach to Alcalde Avalos, and to remind him that he was a man?  The Spanish historians say that the Japanese and Filipinos showed themselves cruel in the killing of the Chinese.  It is quite probable, considering the rancor and hate with which they were regarded.  But their commanders contributed to it also by their example.  It is said that more than 23,000 Chinese were killed.  “Some assert that the number of Sangleys killed was greater, but in order that the illegality committed in allowing so many to enter the country contrary to the royal prohibitions might not be known, the officials covered up or diminished the number of those who perished” (Argensola).—­Rizal.

[17] The coming of the Spaniards to the Filipinas, and their government, together with the immigration of the Chinese, killed the industry and agriculture of the country.  The terrible competition of the Chinese with any individual of another race is well known, for which reason the United States and Australia refuse to admit them.  The indolence, then, of the inhabitants of the Filipinas, is derived from the lack of foresight of the government.  Argensola says the same thing, and could not have copied Morga, since their works were published in the same year, in countries very distant from one another, and the two contain wide differences.—­Rizal.

The Chinese question has always been of great importance in the Philippines.  The dislike of the Filipino for the Chinese seemed instinctive and was deep-rooted.  The subject of the Chinese immigration to the islands has served for special legislation on many occasions in Spain, but they have nevertheless persisted in their trading and occupations therein.  See Stanley’s edition of Morga, appendix II, pp. 363-368; and Los Chinos en Filipinos (Manila, 1886).