one which would allow the experimenter, on the basis of a single experiment, to grade the individuals in the same order in which they appear in the record of the teacher.  Among the various proposed schemes for this purpose the figures suggest that the most reliable one is the following method, the results of which show the highest agreement between the rank order based on the experiments and the rank order of the teachers.[14] The experiment consists in reading to the pupils a long series of pairs of words of which the two members of the pair always logically belong together.  Later, one word of each pair will be read to them and they have to write down the word which belonged with it in the pair.  This is not a simple experiment on memory.  The tests have shown that if instead of logically connected words simply disconnected chance words are offered and reproduced, no one can keep such a long series of pairs in mind, while with the words which have related meaning, the most intelligent pupils can master the whole series.  The very favorable results which this method had yielded in the classroom made me decide to try it in this case too.  I chose for an experiment 24 pairs of words from the sphere of experience of the girls to be tested.  Two further class experiments belonged rather to the periphery of psychology.  The exactitude of space-perception was measured by demanding that each divide first the long and then the short edge of a folio sheet into two equal halves by a pencil mark.  And finally, to measure the rapidity of movement, it was demanded that every one make with a pencil on the paper zigzag movements of a particular size during the ten seconds from one signal to another.

After these class experiments I turned to individual tests.  First, every girl had to sort a pack of 48 cards into 4 piles as quickly as possible.  The time was measured in fifths of a second.  The following experiment which referred to the accuracy of movement impulses demanded that every one try to reach with the point of a pencil 3 different points on the table in the rhythm of metronome beats.  On each of these three places a sheet of paper was fixed with a fine cross in the middle.  The pencil should hit the crossing point, and the marks on the paper indicated how far the movement had fallen short of the goal.  One of these movements demanded the full extension of the arm and the other two had to be made with half-bent arm.  I introduced this last test because the hitting of the right holes in the switchboard of the telephone office is of great importance.  The last individual experiment was an association test.  I called six words like “book,” “house,” “rain,” and had them speak the first word which came to their minds.  The time was measured in fifths of a second only, as subtler experiments, for which hundredths of a second would have to be considered, were not needed.