And if it is true that difficulties and discomforts are to be feared during the transition period, they should be more than outweighed by the splendid betterments to be hoped for.  We must not forget that the increase of industrial efficiency by future psychological adaptation and by improvement of the psychophysical conditions is not only in the interest of the employers, but still more of the employees; their working time can be reduced, their wages increased, their level of life raised.  And above all, still more important than the naked commercial profit on both sides, is the cultural gain which will come to the total economic life of the nation, as soon as every one can be brought to the place where his best energies may be unfolded and his greatest personal satisfaction secured.  The economic experimental psychology offers no more inspiring idea than this adjustment of work and psyche by which mental dissatisfaction in the work, mental depression and discouragement, may be replaced in our social community by overflowing joy and perfect inner harmony.

THE END

NOTES

[1] The fullest account of the modern studies on individual differences is to be found in:  William Stern:  Die differentielle Psychologie in ihren methodischen Grundlagen. (Leipzig, 1911.)

[2] The practical applications of psychology in education, law, and medicine, I have discussed in detail in the books:  Muensterberg:  Psychology and the Teacher. (New York, 1910.) Muensterberg:  On the Witness Stand. (New York, 1908.) (English edition under the title:  Psychology and Crime.) Muensterberg:  Psychotherapy (New York, 1909.)

[3] Frank Parsons:  Choosing a Vocation. (Boston, 1909.)

[4] M. Bloomfield:  The Vocational Guidance of Youth. (Boston, 1911.)

[5] Vocations for Boys. (Issued by the Vocation Bureau of Boston. 1912.) Vocations for Boston Girls. (Issued by the Girls’ Trade Education League. 1911.) Bulletins of Vocation Series. (Issued by the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union. 1911.)

[6] F.W.  Taylor:  The Principles of Scientific Management. (New York, 1911.) H.L.  Gantt:  Work, Wages, and Profits. (New York, 1912.) And the books of Emerson, Gilbreth, Goldmark, etc., to be mentioned later.

[7] H. Emerson:  Efficiency as a Basis for Operation and Wages. (New York, 1912, p. 107.)

[8] H. Emerson:  The Twelve Principles of Efficiency. (New York, 1912, p. 176.)

[9] H Emerson:  The Twelve Principles, p. 156.

[10] H. Emerson:  The Twelve Principles, p. 177.

[11] F.W.  Taylor:  The Principles of Scientific Management, pp. 86-97.

[12] The experiments are being conducted and will be published by Mr. J.W.  Bridges.

[13] Investigation of Telephone Companies:  Bureau of Labor.  (Washington, Government Printing Office, 1910.)

[14] Ries:  Beitraege zur Methodik der Intelligenzpruefung. (Zeitschrift fuer Psychologie, 1910, vol. 56.)