Kirkman’s book is a collection of certain “scenes
or parts of plays ... the fittest for the actors to
represent at this period, there being little cost
in the cloaths, which often then were in great danger
to be seized by the soldiers.” These “select
pieces of drollery, digested into scenes by way of
dialogue, together with variety of humours of several
nations, fitted for the pleasure and content of all
persons, either in court, city, county, or camp,”
were first printed in 1662, by H. Marsh, and were
originally contrived by Robert Cox, a comic genius
in his way, who exhibited great ingenuity in evading
the ordinances of Parliament, and in carrying on dramatic
performances in spite of the Puritans. He presented
at the Red Bull what were professedly entertainments
of rope-dancing, gymnastic feats, and such coarse
practical fun as may even now be seen in the circus
of strolling equestrian companies; but with these
he cunningly intermingled select scenes from the comedies
of the best English dramatists. From Kirkman’s
book, which is now highly prized from its rarity,
it appears that the “drollery” entitled
“The Bouncing Knight, or the Robbers Robbed,”
is, in truth, a famous adventure of Sir John Falstaff’s,
set forth in close accordance with the original text;
while the comedy of “Rule a Wife and have a Wife”
is reduced to a brief entertainment called “The
Equal Match.” Other popular plays are similarly
dealt with. But Cox, it seems, invented not less
than he borrowed. Upon the foundation of certain
old-established farces, he raised up entertainments
something of the nature of the extemporary comedy
of Italy: characters being devised or developed
expressly with a view to his own performance of them.
“All we could divert ourselves with,”
writes Kirkman, “were these humours and pieces
of plays, which, passing under the name of a merry
conceited fellow called Bottom the Weaver, Simpleton
the Smith, John Swabber, or some such title, were
only allowed us, and that by stealth too ... and these
small things were as profitable and as great get-pennies
to the actors as any of our late famed plays.”
He relates, moreover, that these performances attracted
“a great confluence of auditors,” insomuch
that the Red Bull, a playhouse of large size, was
often so full, that “as many went back for want
of room as had entered;” and that meanly as these
“drolls” might be thought of in later times,
they were acted by the best comedians “then
and now in being.” Especially he applauds
the actor, author, and contriver of the majority of
the farces—“the incomparable Robert
Cox.” Isaac Disraeli gives him credit for
preserving alive, as it were by stealth, the suppressed
spirit of the drama. That he was a very natural
actor, or what would now be called “realistic,”
may be judged from the story told of his performance
of a comic blacksmith, and his securing thereby an
invitation to work at the forge of a master smith,
who had been present among the audience. “Although
your father speaks so ill of you,” said the employer
of labour, “if you will come and work with me,
I will give you twelvepence a-week more than I give
any other journeyman.” As Kirkman adds:
“Thus was he taken for a smith bred, that was,
indeed, as much of any trade.”