[Illustration:  218.—­Purl Foundation Chain.]

ILLUSTRATION 218 (Purl Foundation Chain).—­* Crochet 4 chain stitch, then 1 treble stitch—­that is, wind the cotton round the needle, insert the needle downwards into the left side of the 1st of the 4 chain stitches, wind the cotton round the needle, draw it through the stitch, wind the cotton again round the needle, and at the same time draw the cotton through the last loop and through the stitch formed by winding the cotton round the needle.  Wind the cotton once more round the needle, and draw it through the 2 remaining loops on the needle.  The 4 chain stitches form a kind of scallop or purl.  Repeat from *.  The following crochet stitches require foundation chains like Nos. 216 and 217; they are all worked in separate rows excepting the two Nos. 222 and 234.  Make a loop at the beginning of every row, as has been described (No. 216), and take it on the needle.

[Illustration:  219.—­Slip Stitch.]

ILLUSTRATION 219 (Slip Stitch).—­Draw the needle through the back part of a foundation chain stitch, or in the course of the work through the back part of a stitch of the preceding row, wind the cotton round the needle, and draw it through the stitch and loop on the needle.  The illustration shows a number of slip stitches, the last of which is left quite loose; the arrow marks the place where the needle is to be inserted for the next stitch.

[Illustration:  220.—­Double Stitch.]

ILLUSTRATION 220 (Double Stitch).—­These are worked nearly like the preceding ones.  Draw the cotton as a loop through the back part of a stitch, wind the cotton round the needle, and draw it through the two loops on the needle.

[Illustration:  221.—­Double Stitch.]

ILLUSTRATION 221.—­These double stitches are worked nearly like the preceding ones; the 1st row is worked like that of No. 220; in the following ones insert the needle into the two upper sides of a stitch of the preceding row.

[Illustration:  222.—­Ribbed Stitch.]

ILLUSTRATION 222 (The Ribbed Stitch).—­This stitch is worked backwards and forwards—­that is, the right and wrong sides are worked together, which forms the raised ribs.  Insert the needle always into the back part of every stitch.  Work 1 chain stitch at the end of every row, which is not worked, however, in the following row.

[Illustration:  223.—­Slanting Stitch.]

ILLUSTRATION 223 (Slanting Stitch, double stitch).—­This stitch is worked like that described in No. 220; the cotton is not wound round the needle the first time in the usual manner, but the needle is placed in the direction of the arrow, above the cotton.  Draw the cotton through as a loop; the stitch is finished like the common double stitch.

[Illustration:  224.—­Cross Stitch.]

ILLUSTRATION 224 (Cross Stitch).—­This stitch is worked like No. 223 on a foundation like No. 217, only insert the needle through the two upper sides of a stitch.