P’s, the three—­pen, paper, and printing, invention of, 116
Palmerston, Lord, invites cooperation of France, Russia and the United
  States concerning the Arrow case, 164
P’an-keng, of the house of Shang, moves his capital five times, 81
P’anku, the “ancient founder,” 71
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Paoting-fu, in Chihli province, scene of martyrdom of missionaries, 40
Parker, Dr. Peter, missionary at Canton, 284
Parkes, Consul and the Arrow case, 162, 163, 164
Patachu, summer resort near Peking, 34-35
  its eight Buddhist temples, 35
Pearl River, 9
Peking, northern capital of China, 34
  approaches to new foreign quarter fortified, 37
  Byron’s lines on Lisbon applied to Peking, 39
  climate and low death-rate, 38
  Empress Dowager’s summer residence, 34
  “Forbidden City,” 37
  French Cathedral defended by Bishop Favier and marines, 176
  Legation Street, 36
  Prospect or Palatine Hill, 38
  siege of legations, 175
  summer palaces, 34
  Tai-ping expedition against, 159
  Tartar and Chinese cities, 35
  Temples of Agriculture, Heaven and Earth, 35, 36
Peking Gazette, the, oldest journal in the world, 290
Philosophers of the Sung period, Cheo, Cheng, Chang, and Chu, 127-128
Philosophers: 
  Chu Hi, 128
  Wang Ngan-shi, economist, 128
Pirates, attacks of, on Mr. Russell and the author, 18
  Rev. Walter Lowrie is drowned by, 18
Police, reforms in, 218
Polo, Marco, Mattei, and Nicolo, 132
  sojourn in China, 132
Port Arthur and Liao-tung, 171, 174, 182, 184, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192
Ports, five, opened to great Britain at close of the Opium War, 155
Portsmouth (N.  H.), treaty of, 192
Portuguese, first ships of the, appear at Canton, 136
  disapprove missions, 137
  obtain a footing at Macao, 137
  secretly oppose Dutch traders, 137
Postal system, 206
Pottinger, Sir Henry, moderate conditions imposed by, at close of Opium
  War, 155, 156
  his action compared with that of Commodore Perry, 156
Psychology, Chinese, its recognition of three souls, 22
Punishments, barbarous, abolished, 214
Putu, the sacred island of, 18
  its monasteries, 18
  prevalence of piracy in adjacent waters, 18

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Railways, King-Ran road completed to Hankow, 39
  first grand trunk road, 39
  good work of Belgian constructors, 39
  influence of, on people and government, 40
  questionable action of American company, 40
  reforms in, 203
Rankin, Rev. Henry, with the author, the first white man to enter
  Hang-chow, 22
Reading-rooms (not libraries, but places for reading) a new
  institution, 216
Red-haired, the, a vulgar designation for Europeans, 151
Reed, Hon, W. B., American Minister to China, and the Arrow
  case, 165
Reforms in China, 196-218
  Anti-foot-binding Society, 217
  army, 201