I often heard select portions of the scriptures read.  And on the Sabbath there was one sermon preached expressly for the colored people which it was generally my privilege to hear.  I became quite familiar with the texts, “Servants be obedient to your masters.”—­“Not with eye service as men pleasers.”—­“He that knoweth his master’s will and doeth it not, shall be beaten with many stripes,” and others of this class:  for they formed the basis of most of these public instructions to us.  The first commandment impressed upon our minds was to obey our masters, and the second was like unto it, namely, to do as much work when they or the overseers were not watching us as when they were.  But connected with these instructions there was more or less that was truly excellent; though mixed up with much that would sound strangely in the ears of freedom.  There was one very kind hearted Episcopal minister whom I often used to hear; he was very popular with the colored people.  But after he had preached a sermon to us in which he argued from the Bible that it was the will of heaven from all eternity we should be slaves, and our masters be our owners, most of us left him; for like some of the faint hearted disciples in early times we said,—­“This is a hard saying, who can bear it?”

My manumission, as I shall call it; that is, the bill of sale conveying me to Mr. Smith, was dated Sept. 9th, 1835.  I continued in the tobacco and pipe business as already described, to which I added a small trade in a variety of articles; and some two years before I left Raleigh, I entered also into a considerable business in wood, which I used to purchase by the acre standing, cut it, haul it into the city, deposit it in a yard and sell it out as I advantageously could.  Also I was employed about the office of the Governor as I shall hereafter relate.  I used to keep one or two horses, and various vehicles, by which I did a variety of work at hauling about town.  Of course I had to hire more or less help, to carry on my business.

In the manufacture of tobacco I met with considerable competition, but none that materially injured me.  The method of preparing it having originated with me and my father, we found it necessary, in order to secure the advantage of the invention, to keep it to ourselves, and decline, though often solicited, going into partnership with others.  Those who undertook the manufacture could neither give the article a flavor so pleasant as ours, nor manufacture it so cheaply, so they either failed in it, or succeeded but poorly.

Not long after obtaining my own freedom, I began seriously to think about purchasing the freedom of my family.  The first proposition was that I should buy my wife, and that we should jointly labor to obtain the freedom of the children afterwards as we were able.  But that idea was abandoned, when her master, Mr. Smith, refused to sell her to me for less than one thousand dollars, a sum which then appeared too much for me to raise.