[Footnote 227:  (1765-69) xix. 381-412.  Also p. 318.]

[Footnote 228:  June 1756; xix. 433-436.]

[Footnote 229:  Aug. 1762; xix. 112.]

[Footnote 230:  In Rousseau, vol. i. ch. vii. (Globe 8vo, ed.)]

[Footnote 231:  Dec. 1757; xix. 446.]

[Footnote 232:  xix. 449.]

[Footnote 233:  Dec. 20, 1765; xix. 210.]

[Footnote 234:  See Rousseau, vol. i. ch. vii. (Globe 8vo. ed.)]

[Footnote 235:  Oct. 9, 1759; xviii. 397.]

[Footnote 236:  Nov. 6, 1760; xix. 17.]

[Footnote 237:  Sept. 17, 1761; xix. 47.]

[Footnote 238:  Sept. 17, 1769; xix. 320.]

[Footnote 239:  Lettres sur le Commerce de la Librairie, xviii. 47.]

[Footnote 240:  See Rousseau, vol. ii. ch. i. (Globe 8vo. ed.)]

[Footnote 241:  Diderot’s Lettre sur le Commerce de la Librairie (1767). Oeuv., xviii.]

[Footnote 242:  Those who are interested in the history of authorship may care to know the end of the matter.  Copyright is no modern practice, and the perpetual right of authors, or persons to whom they had ceded it, was recognised in France through the whole of the seventeenth century and three-quarters of the eighteenth.  The perpetuity of the right had produced literary properties of considerable value; for example, Boudot’s Dictionary was sold by his executors for 24,000 livres; Prevot’s Manual Lexicon and two Dictionaries for 115,000 livres.  But in 1777—­ten years after Diderot’s plea—­the Council decreed that copyright was a privilege and an exercise of the royal grace.  The motives for this reduction of an author’s right from a transferable property to a terminable privilege seem to have been, first, the general mania of the time for drawing up the threads of national life into the hands of the administration, and second, the hope of making money by a tariff of permissions.  The Constituent Assembly dealt with the subject with no intelligence nor care, but the Convention passed a law recognising in the author an exclusive right for his life, and giving a property for ten years after his death to heirs or cessionaires.  The whole history is elaborately set forth in the collection of documents entitled La Propriete litteraire au 18ieme siecle. (Hachette, 1859.)]

[Footnote 243:  Oct. 11, 1759; xviii. 401.]

[Footnote 244:  xix. 319, 320.]

[Footnote 245:  Miscellaneous Works, p. 73.]

[Footnote 246:  Walpole to Selwyn. 1765.  Jesse’s Selwyn, ii. 9.  See also Walpole to Mann, iv. 283.]

[Footnote 247:  D’Epinay, ii. 4, 138, 153, etc.]

[Footnote 248:  See Comte’s Positive Polity, vol. iii.]

[Footnote 249:  “That virtue of originality that men so strain after is not newness, as they vainly think (there is nothing new), it is only genuineness.”—­Ruskin.]