[Footnote 143:  Barbier, vii. 125-142.]

[Footnote 144:  Lacretelle’s France pendant le 18ieme Siecle, iii. 89.]

[Footnote 145:  Jobez, ii. 464, 538.]

[Footnote 146:  See Rousseau, vol. i. chaps, vii. and ix. (Globe 8vo ed.)]

[Footnote 147:  Louis XV. et Louis XVI., p. 50.]

[Footnote 148:  Jan. 11, 1758.  Jan. 20, 1758.  Diderot to Mdlle.  Voland, Oct. 11, 1759.  See the following chapter.]

[Footnote 149:  Voltaire to D’Alembert, Jan. to May 1758.  Voltaire to Diderot, Jan. 1758.]

[Footnote 150:  Diderot to Voltaire, Feb. 19, 1758, xix. 452.]

[Footnote 151:  To Voland, Oeuv., xix. 146.]

[Footnote 152:  Corr.  Lit., vii. 146.]

[Footnote 153:  Corr.  Lit., vii. 146.]

[Footnote 154:  Oeuv. de Voltaire.  Published sometimes among Faceties, sometimes among Melanges.]

[Footnote 155:  See Oeuv.  Choisies de Jean Reynaud, reprinted in 1866.  The article on Encyclopedie (vol. i.) is an interesting attempt to vindicate Cartesian principles of classification.]

[Footnote 156:  See fly-leaf of vol. xxviii.]

[Footnote 157:  Mem., ii. 115.  Grimm, vii. 145.]

[Footnote 158:  De Maistre says that the reputation of Bacon does not really go farther back than the Encyclopaedia, and that no true discoverer either knew him or leaned on him for support. (Examen de la Phil. de Bacon, ii. 110.) Diderot says:  “I think I have taught my fellow-citizens to esteem and read Bacon; people have turned over the pages of this profound author more since the last five or six years than has ever been the case before” (xiv. 494).  In Professor Fowler’s careful and elaborate edition of the Novum Organum (Introduct., p. 104), he disputes the statement of Montuola and others, that the celebrity of Bacon dates from the Encyclopaedia.  All turns upon what we mean by celebrity.  What the Encyclopaedists certainly did was to raise Bacon, for a time, to the popular throne from which Voltaire’s Newtonianism had pushed Descartes.  Mr. Fowler traces a chain of Baconian tradition, no doubt, but he perhaps surrenders nearly as much as is claimed when he admits that “the patronage of Voltaire and the Encyclopaedists did much to extend the study of Bacon’s writings, besides producing a considerable controversy as to his true meaning on many questions of philosophy and theology.”]

[Footnote 159:  See above, p. 62, note.]

[Footnote 160:  D’Alembert was not afraid to contend against the great captain of the age, that the military spirit of Lewis XIV. had been a great curse to Europe.  He showed a true appreciation of Frederick’s character and conception of his duties as a ruler, in believing that the King of Prussia would rather have had a hundred thousand labourers more, and as many soldiers fewer, if his situation had allowed it. Corresp. avec le roi de Prusse, Oeuv., v. 305.]