[Footnote 43:  Oeuv., i. xlvi.]

[Footnote 44:  Jobez, France sous Louis XV., ii. 373.  There were, in 1725, 24,000 houses, 20,000 carriages, and 120,000 horses. (Martin’s Hist, de France, xv. 116.)]

[Footnote 45:  The records of Paris in this century contain more than one illustration of the turbulence of this odious army of lackeys.  Barbier, i. 118.  For the way in which their insolence was fostered, see Saint-Simon, xii. 354, etc.  The number of lackeys retained seems to have been extraordinarily great in proportion to the total of annual expenditure, and this is a curious point in the manners of the time.  See Voltaire, Dict.  Phil, Sec. v.  Economie Domestique (liv. 182).]

[Footnote 46:  Duclos, Mem. secrets sur le Regne de Louis XV., iii 306.]

[Footnote 47:  Oeuv., xix. 91.]

[Footnote 48:  Ib. p. 130.]

[Footnote 49:  Prom, du Sceptique.  Oeuv., i. 229.]

[Footnote 50:  “If there is a God, he is infinitely incomprehensible, since, being without parts or limits, he has no relation to us:  we are therefore incapable of knowing what he is, or if he is.  That being so, who shall venture to undertake the solution of the question?  Not we, at any rate, who have no relation to him.” Pensees, II. iii. 1.]

[Footnote 51:  P. 182.]

[Footnote 52:  P. 223.]

[Footnote 53:  Barbazan’s Fabliaux et Contes, iii. 409 (ed. 1808).  The learned Barbazan’s first edition was published in 1756, and so Diderot may well have heard some of the contents of the work then in progress.]

[Footnote 54:  Naigeon.]

[Footnote 55:  In my Rousseau, p. 243 (new ed.)]

[Footnote 56:  Voltaire, p. 149 (new ed., Globe 8vo).]

[Footnote 57:  Joubert.]

[Footnote 58:  Hettner, Literaiurgeschichte des 18ten Jahrhunderts, ii. 301.]

[Footnote 59:  Oeuv., ii. 260, etc.]

[Footnote 60:  Oeuv., ii. 258, 259. De l’Essai sur les Femmes, par Thomas.  See Grimm’s Corr.  Lit., vii. 451, where the book is disparaged; and viii. 1, where Diderot’s view of it is given.  Thomas (1732-85) belonged to the philosophical party, but not to the militant section of it.  He was a serious and orderly person in his life, and enjoyed the closest friendship with Madame Necker.  His enthusiasm for virtue, justice, and freedom, expressed with much magniloquence, made him an idol in the respectable circle which Madame Necker gathered round her.  He has been justly, though perhaps harshly, described as a “valetudinarian Grandison.” (Albert’s Lit.  Francaise au 18ieme Siecle, p. 423.)]

[Footnote 61:  Elemens de la Philosophie de Newton, Pt.  II. ch. vii.  Berkeley himself only refers once to Cheselden’s case:  Theory of Vision vindicated, Sec. 71.  Professor Fraser, in his important edition of Berkeley’s works (i. 444), reproduces from the Philosophical Transactions the original account of the operation, which is unfortunately much less clear and definite than Voltaire’s emphasised version would make it, though its purport is distinct enough.]